未成年人网络欺凌行为的治罪与治理

Criminalization and Governance of Cyberbullying by Minors

与传统现实生活中的未成年人欺凌行为有别,未成年人网络欺凌行为存在概念界定模糊、刑法规制不足与犯罪预防困难等问题。在成立范围上,应当将所有侵害法益的行为如侮辱诽谤、暴力威胁、人肉搜索等均认定为欺凌行为。在构罪适用上,通过分析未成年人网络欺凌行为是否构成犯罪的实质法益侵害性、是否符合刑罚目的的评价标准,探讨该行为的定罪处罚。在行为治理上,应当以社会共治作为未成年人网络欺凌行为法律治理的基本理念,加强违法犯罪行为的刑法规制,加强未成年人网络欺凌行为的犯罪预防以及对网络弱势未成年人主体采取特殊、优先保护,进而实现从治罪到治理的思维转变,以更好保障未成年人权益。

Unlike traditional real-life bullying by minors,cyberbullying conducted by Minors is characterized with vague conceptual definitions,insufficient criminal law enforcement and difficulties in crime prevention.In terms of the scope of establishment,all behaviors infringing on legal interests,such as insults and defamation,threats of violence,and searches of human flesh,should be recognized as bullying behaviors.In terms of the application of the crime,the conviction and punishment of cyberbullying by minors should be explored by analyzing whether the cyberbullying constitutes a crime in terms of substantive legal interest infringement and whether it conforms to the evaluation criteria of the purpose of the penalty.In terms of behavioral governance,social governance should be taken as the basic concept of legal governance of cyberbullying behavior of minors,to strengthen the criminal law system of illegal and criminal behavior,to strengthen the crime prevention of cyberbullying behavior of minors,and to adopt special and priority protection for the vulnerable minor subjects of the network.This will realize a shift in ideologies from criminalization to governance,and achieve a better safeguard for the legal rights of minors.