航天器人机交互安全性分析综述

Review on Human-machine Interaction Safety Analysis of Spacecraft

航天器自身软硬件可靠性水平提高后,人机交互(HMI)失误逐渐成为影响航天器安全性的薄弱环节。文章阐述了开展HMI安全性分析的必要性和重要性;在分析地面操作、遥操作、在轨操作等航天任务安全性特点的基础上,从人因可靠性分析(HRA)方法、引入HRA的系统安全性分析方法、人为失误基础数据采集3个方面对航天器HMI安全性分析情况进行分析;指出了现有HMI方法不完全适用于多人、长时、舱外任务场景及人为失误基础数据匮乏等不足,并对国内相关研究发展提出了建议,例如研究适用于我国航天器的HMI安全性分析方法、加强人为失误基础数据的采集和处理、开发适配的软件工具等。

After the improvement of the spacecraft hardware and software reliability,the HMI(human-machine interaction)error has become a weak point that affects spacecraft safety.In this paper,the necessity and importance of developing HMI safety analysis are elaborated.The characteristics of HMI safety in ground operations,teleoperations and in-orbit operations are analyzed.On this basis,the HMI safety analysis of spacecraft is analyzed from three aspects of HRA(human reliability analysis)method,system safety analysis method involving HRA,human error data collection.Some shortcomings,such as imperfect HMI methods for the scenario of multi-person,long-duration,extravehicular mission and human error data deficiency,are also proposed.Finally,the technology development suggestions are proposed,for example,analyzing the HMI safety analysis methods which are appropriate for Chinese spacecraft,improving the human error data collection and procession,and developing instrumental software tools.