民办本科职业技术大学试点建设分析:特征、挑战与路径

Analysis of Pilot Construction of Private Undergraduate Vocational and Technical Universities:Characteristics,Challenges and Paths

本科层次职业教育是建立健全现代职业教育体系的新实践。从政策层面看,我国已完成本科层次职业教育的顶层设计;从实践层面看,32所本科职业技术大学已经试点了3~5年。民办高等教育因市场而生,因需求而大,因特色而强,以22所民办本科职业技术大学质量年度报告为样本,分析发现试点学校具有覆盖广布局少、起步晚发展快、举办主体多元、专业特色鲜明等群像特征,在试点过程中也面临高层次的教师队伍不够、高质量的教学内涵不优、高水平的科研服务不多、高能效的治理能力建设不足等挑战。为此,未来民办本科职业技术大学应围绕彰显类型定位,紧扣新定位新使命乘势而上;凸显专业特色,直面新问题新挑战逆势而进;尽显制度优势,把握新趋势新变化顺势而为,实现民办本科职业大学高质量有特色地发展。

Undergraduate-level vocational education is a new practice for establishing and improving a modern vocational education system.From a policy perspective,China has completed the top-level design of undergraduate-level vocational education.From a practical perspective,32 undergraduate vocational and technical universities have been piloting for 3-5 years.Private higher education emerged from the market,grew in demand,and became strong due to its unique characteristics.The analysis of the annual quality reports of 22 private undergraduate vocational and technical universities revealed that the pilot schools display characteristics such as wide coverage but limited layout,starting late but developing rapidly,diverse hosting entities,and distinct specialty characteristics.During the pilot process,they also face challenges such as insufficient high-level teacher staff,inadequate high-quality teaching connotation,insufficient high-level scientific research services,and inadequate governance capacity construction with high energy efficiency.In the future,private undergraduate vocational and technical universities should focus on high-lighting their type orientation,closely following the new orientation and mission to seize the opportunity;Highlighting specialty characteristics,facing new problems and challenges head-on,and advancing against the trend;Fully demonstrating institutional advantages,grasp new trends and changes,and follow the trend to achieve high-quality and distinctive development of private undergraduate and technical universities.