个人数据主体收益权的理论迷思与制度选择

Theoretical Myths and Institutional Options of Personal Data Subjects'Right to Benefit

是否应以法定形式明确个人数据主体收益权,当前在理论界存在较大分歧。个人数据在数据价值链中的价值倍增,主要得益于数据处理者而非个人的投入,其体量上的规模性和分布上的碎片化决定了向个人分配收益存在经济性缺失,即设置个人数据主体收益权缺乏正当性和合理性基础。立法应对个人数据主体收益权采取“原则否定,约定例外”的态度,在个人数据价值的初次分配中放弃个人的法定收益权,但允许其以约定方式取得经济利益。同时,在保障个人数据主体在先权益的前提下,探索数据服务税、数据基金等集体利益实现机制,以体现个人在数据价值分配中的应有地位。

Whether the right of personal data subjects to receive benefits should be clarified in statutory form is currently a subject of considerable disagreement in a theoretical aspect.The multiplication of the value of personal data in the data value chain is mainly due to the efforts of data processors rather than individuals,and its scale in volume and fragmentation in distribution determines that there is economic deficiency in the distribution of income to individuals,that is,the lack of legitimacy and rationality in the establishment of per⁃sonal data subject's right to benefit.The legislation should adopt the attitude of"principle denial,agreement exception"for the right of personal data subject to gain,giving up the statutory right to gain in the initial distri⁃bution of the value of personal data,but allowing them to obtain economic benefits in an agreed manner.At the same time,under the premise of safeguarding the prior rights and interests of personal data subjects,mecha⁃nisms for realizing collective interests,such as data service tax and data funds,should be explored in order to reflect the due status of individuals in the distribution of data value.