试论马克思主义新人观的基本内涵

On the Basic Connotations of Marxist View of the“New Man”

马克思、恩格斯从历史唯物主义的视角来看待人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的关系,在其经典著作中留下了许多关于新人的描述,形成了马克思主义新人观。不同于建立在唯心主义基础上的英雄史观、超人史观等,马克思主义新人观是建立在“现实的人”这一坚实的基础之上,马克思、恩格斯通过对宗教原人、现实非人和历史旧人的深入批判和不断超越,形成了一种科学的、实践的、面向未来的新人观。马克思主义新人观强调推进历史的自觉性、改变世界的革命性、引领未来的创造性,是一种自觉新人观、革命新人观、创造新人观。

Marx and Engels,from the perspective of historical materialism,explored the relationships be⁃tween humans and nature,society,and themselves,leaving behind numerous descriptions of the“New Man”in their classical works,thus forming Marxist view of the“New Man”.Unlike the hero or superman views of history,which are rooted in idealism,Marxist view of the“New Man”is grounded in the concept of“real people”.Through their deep critique and transcendence of religious primitives,unreal persons,and histori⁃cal old men,Marx and Engels developed a scientific,practical,and forward-looking conception of the“New Man”.This view emphasizes historical consciousness,revolutionary transformation of the world,and creative leadership of the future,constituting a consciousness-centered,revolutionary,and creative vision of the“New Man”.