反思与重构:行政自动化决策场域中的算法解释权——以《个人信息保护法》第24条第3款为旨

Reflection and Reconstruction:The Right of Algorithm Interpretation in the Field of Administrative Automated Decision-making—Based on Paragraph 3 of Article 24 of the Personal Information Protection Act

在Web2.0时代,因自动化决策嵌入公权力所引发的算法权力异化的风险指数级上升。为了规制人工智能时代的自动化决策,《个人信息保护法》第24条第3款构建了中国语境下的算法解释权。然而,作为新兴权利的算法解释权具有高度的抽象性和不确定性,存在行权时间(事前解释与事后解释)和解释程度(一般解释与具体解释)层面的解释分歧以及权力限度的适用困境。因此,有必要在对算法解释权进行公私场景类型化划分的基础上,以权力结构的对称性为标准,引入比例原则对算法解释权在行政自动化决策场域下的适用进行教义学阐释。同时,以比例原则为主、法益均衡原则为辅来构建算法解释的方式选择模型。在此基础上,《个人信息保护法》第24条第3款设定的算法解释权在公法领域应为一种事后的、具体的解释,与私法领域事前的、一般的解释相区别。

and uncertain,presenting challenges in the timing of its exercise(ex ante interpretation and ex post interpretation)and the extent of interpretation(general interpretation and concrete interpretation),as well as issues related to the limits of power.Therefore,it is necessary to categorize the right of algorithm interpretation in public and private scenarios,use the symmetry of power structure as a criterion,and introduce the principle of proportionality as a standard for doctrinal interpretation of its application in the realm of administrative automated decision-making.Meanwhile,a model for choosing the method of algorithm interpretation should be constructed with the principle of proportionality as the primary guide and the principle of balancing legal interests as a supplementary consideration.Based on this,the right of algorithm interpretation established by Paragraph 3 of Article 24 of the Personal Information Protection Law should be an ex post and concrete interpretation in the public law domain,distinct from an ex ante and general interpretation in the private law domain.