乘用车双筒减震器油封摩擦力影响因素研究

Research on Influencing Factors of Friction of Twin-tube Shock Absorber Oil Seal in Passenger Car

减震器油封摩擦力会影响汽车稳定性与乘车舒适性,油封摩擦力越大,汽车行驶中产生的顿挫感越明显,进而使乘车舒适性越差。为研究乘用车双筒减震器油封的摩擦力特性,采用有限元分析法分析了油封主唇口的接触宽度与接触应力分布,并在实验台上研究了油封摩擦力随橡胶摩擦系数、主唇过盈量、油面角、气面角及二道唇气面角的变化规律。结果表明:橡胶摩擦系数与油封摩擦力成正比,橡胶摩擦系数越大,油封摩擦力越大;橡胶摩擦系数越小,油封摩擦力越小。因此,如果客户要求低摩擦的减震器油封,建议在设计时选择摩擦系数小、温升小、磨耗小的橡胶材料;随着主唇过盈量的增加,油封主唇口与活塞杆间产生的接触面积增加,油封主唇口的抱紧力增加,油封摩擦力增大;随着主唇油面角、气面角、二道唇气面角的增加,油封主唇口与活塞杆间产生的接触面积减小,油封主唇口的抱紧力减小,油封摩擦力减小。

The friction of the shock absorber oil seal affects the stability and comfortability of passenger car.The higher the oil seal friction,the more pronounced the jerky feeling generated during driving,and thus the poorer the ride comfort.To study the friction characteristics of the double tube shock absorber oil seal in passenger cars,FEA was used to analyze the contact width and contact stress distribution of the main lip of the oil seal.The variation rules of oil seal friction with rubber friction coefficient,main lip interference,oil angle,air angle,second lip air angle were studied on an experimental bench.The results show that friction coefficient of rubber is proportional to the oil seal friction.The rubber friction coefficient is high,while the oil seal friction is high.The rubber friction coefficient is low,the oil seal friction is low.Therefore,if customers require low friction shock absorber oil seal,it is recommended to choose rubber materials with low friction coefficient,low temperature rise,and low wear during design.With the increase of main lip interference,the contact area between the main lip of the oil seal and the piston rod increases,the radial force of the oil seal lip increases,and the friction of the oil seal increases.As the main lip oil angle,air angle and secondary lip air angle increases,the contact area between the main lip of the oil seal and the piston rod decreases,the radial force of the oil seal lip decreases,and the friction of the oil seal decreases.