中国深水钻井关键技术与装备现状及展望

Current status and prospects of key technologies and equipment for deepwater drilling in China

随着陆上和浅水区域钻井技术日渐成熟,石油行业将研究重心转向深水区域,近10年全球重大油气发现70%来自海洋深水区域。深水钻井具有高风险、高技术、高投入的特点,其关键技术和装备是世界油气强国竞相角逐的技术制高点。随着在超深水、深层、远海“两深一远”区域勘探开发的持续推进,深水钻井需要面对深水、海况恶劣、浅层土质不稳定以及深层地质条件复杂等挑战。通过多方联合技术攻关和工程实践,中国已成功构建了具有国际竞争力的深水钻井技术与装备体系,包括深水钻井工程设计关键技术、深水钻井安全控制及高效作业技术、深水钻井关键装备。对相关成果进行了系统介绍,提出了融合人工智能和大数据技术创新钻井技术、加快工程地质一体融合、促进工程装备和软件研发、加强深远海钻井作业应急能力等建议,进一步推动深水油气勘探向深远海发展,实现深水钻井作业的安全高效和自主可控。

With the increasing maturity of onshore and shallow water drilling technology,the petroleum industry is shifting its focus to deepwater areas.In the past decade,70%of major global oil and gas discoveries have come from deep-water marine areas.Deepwater drilling has the characteristics of high risk,high technology and high investment,its key technology and equipment are the technological high ground that world oil and gas powers compete for.With the continuous exploration and development in the"two deep and one far"areas of ultra-deepwater,deep layers,and far seas,deepwater drilling must confront challenges such as deep waters,severe sea conditions,unstable shallow soil,and complex deep geological conditions.Through collaborative technical breakthroughs and engineering practices,China has successfully developed an internationally competitive deepwater drilling technology and equipment system.This includes key technologies for deepwater drilling engineering design,safety controland efficient operation techniques,as well as essential deepwater drilling equipment.This paper provides a systematic introduction to relevant achievements,proposing innovative drilling technologies that integrate artificial intelligence and big data technology,accelerate the integration of engineering geology,promote the research and development of engineering equipment and software and strengthen emergency response capabilities for deep and pelagic drilling operations.It further promotes the development of deepwater oil and gas exploration towards deep and pelagic areas,achieving safe,efficient and self-controlled deepwater drilling operations.