橡胶抗辐照老化用添加剂研究进展

Recent progress of anti-radiation aging additives for rubber

核电和航空航天等领域常使用橡胶作为密封件和减震材料,这些含橡胶部件不可避免地受到辐照环境的影响,而辐照会诱导橡胶交联和分解,导致材料性能下降,威胁到人员和设备安全。因此,提高橡胶的抗老化能力、延长橡胶的使用寿命已成为橡胶满足工程应用的重要需求。在橡胶中添加抗氧化剂,能阻断老化过程中的链式自由基反应,是延缓橡胶老化的重要手段。然而,传统小分子抗氧化剂会迁移到橡胶表面,并且在辐照老化过程中消耗迅速,导致橡胶的抗辐照性能大打折扣,故研发低毒、抗迁移、低成本、高性能抗氧化剂是目前的发展方向。为此,系统地综述了橡胶用抗氧化剂的研究进展。首先,简要介绍了抗氧化剂在辐照老化过程中的作用机理;然后,讨论了提高抗氧化剂持续作用的解决方案;最后,对橡胶抗氧化剂的未来发展趋势和挑战进行了展望。

Rubber is commonly used as a sealing and damping material in fields such as aerospace and nuclear power plants.These rubber-containing structures are inevitably affected by the irradiation environment,which can induce rubber crosslinking and decomposition,leading to a decrease in material performance and posing a threat to personnel and equipment safety.Therefore,improving the anti-agingability and extending the service life of rubber have become important indicators for engineering needs.An effective way to delay rubber degradation is to block free radical chain reaction during the aging process by adding antioxidants in the material.However,traditional small molecule antioxidants may migrate to the surface of composite materials and are rapidly consumed during irradiation aging,which will reduce the long-term anti-aging efficiency.Herein,low toxicity,anti-migration,low-cost,and high-performance antioxidants have received increasing attention.Therefore,the recent progress of antioxidants for rubber was systematically reviewed.Firstly,the mechanism of protection of antioxidants was briefly introduced.Then,the strategies to improve the lasting effect of antioxidants were summarized.Finally,the challenges and the development trend of antioxidants were prospected.