航空涡扇发动机机械系统架构和技术综述

Overview of Architecture and Technologies of Turbofan Engine Mechanical System

航空涡扇发动机机械系统对发动机的性能、可靠性、寿命具有重要作用。介绍了国内外航空涡扇发动机机械系统在发动机中的层级、架构组成及其演变,梳理了近30年来该系统的相关技术现状,提出该系统的技术发展方向为构建具有深度关联的系统架构,在系统架构的需求牵引下,从设计、材料、制造、试验等方面统筹协调、系统性发展。重点分析了中国航空涡扇发动机机械系统相关技术与国外的主要差距为现有的系统架构关联性不够紧密,系统性需求捕获不够完整,导致部件或系统在设计、材料、制造和验证上考虑不够全面,部分技术先进性不够。为中国的航空发动机机械系统技术发展提出了优化现有航空涡扇发动机机械系统架构,在系统需求牵引下系统性提升传统机械系统技术并发展磁浮轴承等先进技术的建议。虽然中国在航空涡扇发动机机械系统架构合理性和技术先进性上与国外相比存在一定的不足,但中国研究力量充沛,在国家相关部门围绕航空涡扇发动机机械系统统筹规划下协调发展,中国的航空涡扇发动机机械系统会很快达到国际先进水平。

The mechanical system of a turbofan engine plays an important role in the performance,reliability and life of the engine.This paper introduces the level of the mechanical system in a turbofan engine hierarchy,the mechanical system architecture elements and their evolution at home and abroad,summarizes the development of related technologies over the past 30 years,and proposes that the development direction of the related technologies of the system is to build a deeply related system architecture,and with the guidance of system architecture requirements,systematically coordinate the development in terms of design,materials,manufacturing,testing,etc.This paper focuses on the analysis of the main gap between the related technologies of China and foreign countries,which is that the existing system architecture elements are not closely related enough,and the capture of system requirements is incomplete,resulting in the incomprehensive consideration of the design,material,manufacturing,and verification of components or systems,and the insufficient progressiveness of some technologies.Suggestions are put forward for the development of turbofan engine mechanical system technology in China,including optimizing the existing turbofan engine mechanical system architecture,systematically improving traditional mechanical system technologies under the guidance of system requirements,and developing advanced technologies such as magnetic bearings.Although deficiencies exist in system architecture rationality and technological advancement of China's turbofan engine mechanical system technology compared with those from abroad,the abundance of domestic research efforts and the coordinated development under the guid⁃ance of the overall planning formulated by relevant national authorities will enable China's turbofan engine mechanical system develop⁃ment to reach the international advanced level soon.