马克思自由时间理论与精神生活共同富裕的实现

Marx’s Theory of Free Time and the Implementation of Common Prosperity in Spiritual Life

在马克思的理论中,自由时间指不被生活资料的直接生产占去,劳动者可以自由支配、在其中自主活动,并能够用于自我发展的时间,其价值旨向在于促进人的自由全面发展。在资本主义社会中,劳动者深受工作日延长与劳动强度增加的双重挤压,不仅无法在劳动中享受自由,而且在资本的规训中丧失生命活动原有的丰富性。劳动时间与自由时间之间对立的扬弃关键在于资本主义生产方式的彻底变革。当前,精神生活共同富裕的实现需要有充裕的自由时间,并把这种自由时间的运用作为必要的基础。然而,由于工作与生活边界的模糊化,消费主义下的空虚与不安,加上不稳定的生活状态,自由时间量的增长与质的提升都面临挑战。在新时代新征程中,不断满足人民群众多样化、多层次、多方面的精神文化需求,需要坚持数字经济赋能社会高质量发展,以保障自由时间量的增长,将社会主义核心价值观融入日常生活,以实现自由时间质的丰盈,引导人民群众在体面劳动中提升精神境界,创造新的美好生活。

In Marx’s theory,free time refers to the time that is not taken up by the direct production of the means of living,in which laborers can freely dispose of,engage in autonomous activities and use for self-development.Its value aims to promote the free and comprehensive development of human beings.In capitalist society,workers are squeezed by the dual pressures of lengthening working hours and increasing labor intensity.They not only fail to enjoy freedom during work but also lose the richness of their original activities under the discipline of capital.Therefore,the key to overcoming the opposition between labor time and free time lies in the thorough transformation of the capitalist mode of production.Currently,achieving the common prosperity of spiritual life requires ample free time,while the usage of it is seen as a necessary foundation.However,it poses challenges to both the quantitative and qualitative improvement of free time that the blurring of boundaries between work and life,the emptiness and insecurity under consumerism as well as the unstable living conditions.In the new journey of the new era,to continuously meet the diverse,multi-level and multi-faceted spiritual needs of the people,it is necessary to adhere to the empowerment of the digital economy for high-quality social development.Moreover,it involves integrating socialist core values into daily life and guiding people to elevate their spiritual life through decent labor to create a new and better life.