新中国进出境动植物检疫职能发展历程及启示

Development and Implications of Functions of Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine in New China

新中国进出境动植物检疫职能发端于接收和改造国民政府进出口商品检验机构,历经对外贸易部门进出口商品检验机构承担主要职能,移交给农业部门牵头并组建专门动植物检疫机关以及商品检验机构保留部分职能,进出口商品检验、进出境动植物检疫、国境卫生检疫合并组建出入境检验检疫机构,直至当前划入海关等四个阶段,形成了具有中国特色进出境动植物检疫职能配置模式。进出境动植物检疫职能发展历程表明,集中统一管理、融入外经贸口岸监管大局是促进国门把关、提升服务发展效能的重要手段。站在新的起点,应在《生物安全法》框架下进一步发挥进出境动植物检疫国门安全防控职能;以《海关法》《进出境动植物检疫法》修订为契机,推动农业农村、林业草原、海关等部门进出境动植物检疫合作;以“智慧海关”建设为抓手,进一步优化关检业务深度融合机制,完善进出境动植物检疫“守国门、促发展”工作制度。

The functions of New China’s Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine(CAPQ)originated from taking over and reforming the Import and Export Commodity Inspection Agency of the Government of the Republic of China.The evolution of CAPQ in New China has experienced four stages,including:Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau subordinate to the Foreign Trade Department(CCIB),which undertook the main functions;transfer of CAPQ to the Agricultural Department while CCIB undertaking part of the function;merger of CAPQ and CCIB and Border Health Quarantine into China Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine(CIQ);integration of CIQ into the Customs.Now,the organizational deployment of CAPQ functions with Chinese characteristics has been formed.The development history of CAPQ functions shows that centralized and unified management and integration into the overall situation of foreign trade port supervision are important means to promote the border control and improve the efficiency of administrative service.Standing at a new starting point,we will give full play to the safety prevention and control functions of CAPQ under the framework of the BioSafety Law.We will promote cooperation in CAPQ between the departments of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Forestry and Grassland,and Customs,by leveraging the opportunity of the revision of Customs Law and Entry-Exit Animal and Plant Quarantine Law.Through the development of“Smart Customs”,we will further optimize the mechanism for the deep integration of Customs and Quarantine services,and improve the CAPQ regime to“safeguard the border and promote development”.