高精度数控机床的导轨平行度测试方法研究

Research on Testing Method of Guide Rail Parallelism for High Precision CNC Machine Tools

基于平面度、直线度、平行度的测量及评价原理,对有效行程2 000 mm精密导轨平行度进行测量,并对导轨工作台单个滑块及组合滑块的角度偏差、直线度及导轨平行度进行理论分析和实验验证。结果表明:在相同的环境和装配工艺等条件下,水平面内滑块的角度偏转方向和趋势基本一致,滑块的最大角度偏差相近;组成导轨工作台的4个滑块在水平面内直线度曲线趋势相同均为中间凹,竖直平面内直线度受装配锁紧力和角度偏差的影响,角度偏差的转动方向相同,但趋势稍微有差异;组合滑块直线度的方向与单个滑块直线度的方向一致,因滑块组合后受力的平均效应作用,在竖直面和水平面内组合滑块直线度比单个滑块直线度好;以基准导轨与副导轨的直线度斜度代数运算的绝对值评价导轨间平行度的方法,可为精密导轨平行度的测量提供依据。

Based on the measurement and evaluation principles of flatness,straightness,parallelism,the parallelism of precision guide rail with effective stroke of 2000 mm was measured,and the angle deviation,straightness,and guide rail parallelism of both a single slider and slider pairs of the guide rail workbench were theoretically analyzed and verified by experiments.The results show that under the same circumstance and assembly process conditions,the angle deflection direction and trend of the slider in the horizontal plane are almost identical,and the maximum angle deviation of the slider is similar.The four sliders in the horizontal plane belonging to a guide rail workbench are concave in the middle of the straightness curve.In the vertical plane,the straightness is affected by the assembly locking force and angle deviation.The rotation direction of the angle deviation is the same,but the trend is slightly different;the direction of the straightness of both a single slider and the slider pairs is consistent.Due to the average effect of the force on the slider pairs,the straightness of the slider pairs in the vertical and horizontal planes is better than that of a single slider.The method evaluating the parallelism between guide rails based on the absolute value of the straightness slope algebraic operation of the reference guide rail and the auxiliary guide rail can provide a guideline for the measurement of precision guide rail parallelism.