何谓新质生产力——马克思的生产力理论新解

What Is New Quality Productive Force? A New Interpretation of Marx's Theory of Productive Force

新质生产力是一个复杂的系统,包括哲学基础、一般性质和中国特点三个方面的内容。新质生产力的哲学基础是马克思的生产力理论。马克思的生产力理论创造是以19世纪的资本主义大机器生产为经验原型的,但马克思在以他的历史哲学来审视19世纪资本主义大机器生产的过程中,揭示了生产力发展的内在机制,预示了生产力的未来发展必然是科学技术和精神文化的创造占据主导地位。这些思想构成了马克思的生产力理论与新质生产力的接合点。新质生产力的一般性质及其构成是由数字劳动方式决定的,数字劳动方式具有三个特点:一是在技术构成上,实现了现代科学与复杂的技术系统和现代生产结构的有机结合;二是在资本的构成上,以科学技术和新思想创造为主体的非物质劳动进入资本构成,与工业、农业等物质劳动的资本共同构成了新的资本结构;三是在思想构成上,把系统哲学和系统技术结合起来,建构了以通信、信息控制研究为核心的思维范式。上述三个特点凸显了科学技术、人的思想创造和文化精神在新质生产力中的主导地位,构成了新质生产力的一般规定。新质生产力的中国特色是与中国式现代化的道路相联系的,它的思想基础是中国特色社会主义,它的实践基础是中国改革开放以来创造的新质生产力发展模式。中关村电子一条街的发展,就是近40年来中国新质生产力发展史的一个缩影。

New quality productive force is a complex system that includes three aspects:philosophical foundation,general nature and Chinese characteristics.New quality productive force founds its philosophical foundation in Marx's theory of productive force.Marx used his historical philosophical perspective to critically examine 19th-century large-scale machine production of capitalism which he took as an empirical prototype,revealed the intrinsic mechanism of productivity development and indicated that the future development of productive force will inevitably be dominated by the creation of science,technology and the spiritual culture and experience,all of which constitutes the junction of Marx's theory of productive force and the new quality productive force.The general nature and composition of new quality productivity are determined by digital mode of labor which is characterized by:Firstly,it realized the organic integration of modern science and complex technological systems with modern production structures in terms of technical composition;Secondly,non-material labor with science and technology and new technology creation as main body entered the capital structure,and formed the new capital structure with the capital of material labor such as industry and agriculture in terms of capital composition;Thirdly,it constructed a thinking paradigm centered on communication and information control research by integrating System Philosophy with System Technology in terms of thought composition.The above three characteristics highlight the dominant position of science and technology,creative thinking and cultural spirit in productive force and constitute the general provisions for new quality productive force.The Chinese characteristics of the new quality productive force are linked to Chinese path to modernization,with socialism with Chinese characteristics as its ideological foundation and the development model of new quality productive forces created since China's reform and opening up as its practical foundation.The development of Zhongguancun Electronic Street epitomizes China's history of developing new quality productive force in the past forty years.