诠释学中的“更好理解”问题应被消解吗?

Should the Problem of Better Understanding in Hermeneutics Be Cancelled?

诠释学中的“更好理解”问题,可以追溯到近代诠释学诞生之前的圣经诠释学阶段,但它不是萌生于对《圣经》文本本身的诠释,而是源于对古代亚里士多德和柏拉图等哲人及其著作的理解和解释。在德国浪漫主义时期,施莱尔马赫和施莱格尔曾将“更好理解”和“同样好理解”确立为诠释学的基本任务,尤其是施莱尔马赫更是对“更好理解”的方法论问题做了深入思考,“更好理解”问题正式“登堂入室”,成为诠释学的核心问题。伽达默尔肯定了“更好理解”问题在近代诠释史中的核心地位,但却基于其本体论诠释学立场,主张以“不同理解”取代“更好理解”,表现出对“更好理解”问题进行消解的倾向。然而,诠释学中的“更好理解”问题不应该也不可能被消解,在文本的理解和解释中,“更符合作者原意”“更契合应用情境”等诸多维度都保留着“更好理解”问题存在的空间。

The original opinion about"better understanding"can be traced back to biblical hermeneutics.Martin Luther pointed out that Aristotle could be better understood by his readers.Later philosophers Kant and Fichte deepened discussions about the problem of better understanding.But it was during the time of early German Romantics when better understanding became a fundamental and principle problem in Hermeneutics."Better understanding than the author himself did"and"equally good understanding as the author himself did"were regarded as the basic task of hermeneutics by Schlegel and Schleiermacher.Especially,Schleiermacher's methodological considerations about better understanding influenced a lot of later hermeneutic theorists.Though considering better understanding as the central problem of methodological hermeneutics,Gadamer,based on his ontological hermeneutics,asserted that the problem of better understanding should be replaced by the problem of different understanding.In our opinion,the problem of better understanding should not and cannot be cancelled in the field of hermeneutics,because there is still room left for seeking better understanding,such as in the dimensions of"more in line with the author's original intention","more suitable for the application of the situation",and so on.