明至清初川东南地区移民的身份形塑

Identity Construction of Immigrants in Southeast Sichuan from the Ming Dynasty to the Early Qing Dynasty

明至清初,随着王朝国家向西南“边缘”地区纵深拓展,大量移民流入川东南地区。在土司边缘经制地,主要是以卫所为中心陆续进入屯戌的移民;进入土司区的移民,主要是侯机进入的“自发性”移民、王朝国家派遣的“军事性”移民和土司“劫掠”的部分移民。移民身份逐步成为不同人群为维系人群利益而形塑身份的工具和符号。不同人群形塑身份的过程,亦是王朝国家统治力量和秩序拓展的过程,与王朝国家对传统“边缘”地区的治理,以及族群间的关系网络形成和互动融合,具有内在的一致性。

From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,a large number of immigrants flowed into southeast Sichuan as the imperial state expanded deeper into the"peripheral"southwestern areas.At that time,the immigrants who entered the chieftain areas were mainly"spontaneous"immigrants,"military"immigrants dispatched by the imperial state,and immigrants"captured"by chieftains.The identity of these immigrants gradually became a tool and a symbol for different ethnic groups to maintain their interests.The process of identity construction of different groups was also the process of expanding the imperial state's power and order,which is intrinsically consistent with the imperial state's governance of traditional"peripheral"regions,as well as the formation of the network of relationships among ethnic groups and their interaction and integration.