清洁生产环境规制、供应链关系与非对称性减排效应

Environmental Regulation for Cleaner Production,Supply Chain Relations and Asymmetric Emissions Reduction Effects

如何利用环境规制措施实现供应链上下游协同减排,是经济全面绿色转型时期的重要议题。本文从供应链关系视角出发,基于《清洁生产标准》实施,利用2008一2015年全国税收调查数据和2007年、2012年的中国投入产出表,探究供应链上、下游清洁生产环境规制对企业碳排放的影响。研究发现:上、下游清洁生产环境规制对企业碳减排有非对称性效应,即上游清洁生产环境规制通过“成本转嫁-创新挤出效应”抑制企业碳减排,下游清洁生产环境规制通过“需求扩张效应”和“创新溢出效应”而非“强制联系效应”促进企业碳减排,这与中国产业面临“上游市场垄断,下游市场竞争”的非对称性市场结构和“上高下低”的非对称性清洁生产环境规制有关;进一步的分析表明,企业出口行为、所有制类型、区域性差异及行业供应链位置均对上、下游清洁生产环境规制的非对称性减排效应有异质性影响。本文为评估《清洁生产标准》的减排效应提供更为深入的证据,也为完善清洁生产审批制度提供政策启示。

How to further leverage the emissions rereduction effect of environmental regulation,promote energyy conservation and emissions reduction in the business community,proactively implement environmental responsibilities and green-technology upgrading,and coordinate the emissions reduction efforts of upstream and downstream supply chains?These are not only important questions facing the current comprehensive green transition of the economy,but also the key to China's realization of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.This paper starts from the perspective of supply chain relations,based on the implementation of the Cleaner Production Standards,and uses National Tax Survey data from 2008 to 2015 and China's Input-Output Tables from 2007 and 2012 to explore the impact of environmental regulation for cleaner production on enterprises'carbon emissions in the upstream and downstream of the supply chains.The research finds that upstream and downstream environmental regulation for cleaner production has asymmetric effects on enterprises'carbon emissions reduction:upstream environmental regulation inhibits it while downstream environmental regulation promotes it.This conclusion holds after a series of robustness tests,including substitution variables,consideration of other policy shocks,Differences-in-Differences check and endogenous analysis.The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that upstream environmental regulation for cleaner production suppresses enterprises'carbon emissions reduction through the cost transferinnovation crowding-out effect,while downstream environmental regulation for cleaner production promotes it through the demand expansion effect,and innovation spillover effect rather than the force linkage effect.This is related to the asymmetric market structure of upstream market monopoly and downstream market competition and the asymmetric environmental regulation for cleaner production which is tight in the upstream and loose in the downstream in China.Heterogeneity analysis finds that export behavior,the types of ownership,regional regulatory levels,and position in the supply chain have heterogeneous effects on the asymmetric emissions reduction effects of upstream and downstream environmental regulation for cleaner production.This study not only provides more in-depth evidence for the comprehensive evaluation of the emissions reduction effect of the Cleaner Production Standards,but also clarifies the impact mechanism of upstream and downstream environmental regulation on enterprises'carbon reduction effect,greatly enriching the research on the spillover effect of environmental responsibilities under the supply chain relations,and providing policy inspiration for improving the cleaner production approval system and the emissions reduction effect of environmental regulations in the future.