听到“牛黄”能想到“黄牛”吗?——口语识别中的语音位置编码机制

The mechanism of phonetic position encoding in spoken word recognition

在众多语言中,都存在一系列词汇,经过语音位置转置后仍能有效成词,典型如中文中的“牛黄”与“黄牛”。阐明这类可转置词汇在语言理解过程中的编码方式,是一项至关重要的研究课题。在阅读领域,学者们已就词汇的位置编码机制展开了讨论,然而针对口语加工中语音位置编码的认知机制,至今仍存在序列−灵活编码之争:早期口语识别理论认为语音位置编码主要以序列编码方式为主,而近年来的研究则发现,音位、音节和句子等层面上存在以灵活编码为主的语音位置编码方式。未来研究应深入探索与口语识别中语音编码相关的认知机理、神经机制、语言获得以及人工智能等重要问题,由于汉字词在形音对应关系和语音加工单元等方面独具特殊性,后续研究应对汉字词的语音位置编码予以特别关注。

Across various languages,there exists a set of words that retain their meaning even when their phonetic components are transposed.A typical illustration can be found in Chinese with words like“牛黄/niu2 huang2/”and“黄牛/huang2 niu2/”.Elaborating on the encoding of such transposable words in the process of language comprehension has become a critically important research topic.Within the field of reading,scholars have been engaged in discussions regarding the mechanisms for encoding word positions.However,there remains controversy regarding the cognitive mechanisms for phonetic position encoding in spoken word recognition.Early theories posited that phonetic position encoding primarily followed a sequential approach,while recent studies have discovered that phonetic position encoding can be more flexible at levels of phonemes,syllables,and sentences.Future research should delve into questions related to phonetic encoding in spoken word recognition,including cognitive and neural mechanisms,language acquisition,and artificial intelligence.Given the unique characteristics of Chinese characters,such as their spelling-sound dissociation and processing units,subsequent research should pay special attention to the phonetic position encoding in Chinese spoken word recognition.