看不见的底层:对低社会等级者的人际忽视及其理论解释

The invisible disadvantaged:A review and theoretical explanation of interpersonal invisibility towards the disadvantaged groups

人际忽视是指在人际互动中,主体有意或无意对互动对象的视而不见,表现为在认知、情感和行为上缺少投入或较少有投入的状态,它本质上是一种隐性的人际贬低与排斥。人际忽视与社会等级有着重要联系,其中低社会等级者更容易受到人际忽视;社会文化机制、地位假说、目标可供性控制理论和交叉隐形理论可以作为解释这一现象的重要理论视角。未来研究需进一步完善对人际忽视的概念界定和测量,深化对低社会等级者人际忽视的理论研究,探究互动双方的社会等级在人际忽视中的交互作用,关注并干预人际忽视所导致的消极后果,以及在中国社会文化背景下探索人际忽视可能存在的独特效应。

Interpersonal invisibility refers to the intentional or unintentional disregard of individuals in social interactions,resulting in cognitive,emotional,and behavioral disengagement or reduced engagement.Essentially,it represents an implicit form of interpersonal devaluation and exclusion.Interpersonal invisibility is closely linked to social hierarchy,with individuals of lower social hierarchy being more susceptible to experiencing it.Theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural mechanisms,the status hypothesis,affordance-management theory,and intersectional invisibility theory serve as crucial perspectives for explaining this phenomenon.Future research should further refine the conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal invisibility,deepen theoretical investigations into its effects on individuals of lower social hierarchy,explore the interaction between the social hierarchy of both interactants,address and mitigate the negative consequences of interpersonal invisibility,and examine its unique effects within the context of Chinese culture.