兴义市连续五年监测食品卫生指标菌及致病菌结果分析

Analysis of the results of food hygiene index bacteria and pathogenic bacteria monitored for five consecutive years in Xingyi City

目的了解和掌握兴义市2019年-2023年食品卫生指标菌及致病菌污染及分布趋势,推测兴义市食品安全隐患,为食品安全风险评估及政府实施监管提供科学依据.方法根据《贵州省食品安全风险监测方案》要求,按《2019年-2023年国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》,对兴义市乡、镇(街道办)进行食品抽样检测,并按国家标准进行判定.结果按食品种类五年间采集15类食品,检出卫生指标菌超标及检出致病菌10类,超标(检出)率66.67%(10/15);肉及肉制品、调味品、餐饮3类81份食品与其他12类62份食品的卫生指标菌超标和致病菌株检出(超标)率比较,χ^(2)=4.31,χ^(2)0.05,1=3.84,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义.在流通环节及饮食环节随机抽取12个采样点,有11个采样点检出卫生指标菌超标和致病菌,采样点检出(超标)率91.67%(11/12);两环节的卫生指标菌超标率与致病菌检出率经检验,χ^(2)<χ^(2)0.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.采集散装样品115份和预包装食品28份,检出卫生指标菌超标及致病菌分别为37株、6株,超标(检出)率分别为32.17%(37/115)、21.43%(6/28);散装与预包装食品的卫生指标菌超标率与致病菌检出率经检验,χ^(2)<χ^(2)0.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.143份样品检测的卫生指标菌及致病菌种类有菌落总数、产气荚膜梭菌等20种(1.2.2检测项目),超标卫生指标菌及检出的致病菌12种,种类超标(检出)率60%(12/20),卫生指标菌超标率与致病菌检出率比较,χ^(2)=37.33,χ^(2)0.05,1=3.84,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义.2019年-2023年每年检出超标的卫生指标菌与检出的致病菌总超标(检出)率比较,χ^(2)<χ^(2)0.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.卫生指标菌中超标率排序由高到低分别为:霉菌50.00%(11/22)、菌落总数35.00%(7/20)、大肠埃希氏菌10.53%(4/38);致病菌中唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌检出率16.67%(1/6),其次是副溶血性弧菌15.00%(3/20).结论从食品中检出超标卫生指标菌及致病菌以及分布来看,兴义市食品存在不同程度的卫生指标菌和致病菌的污染,为及时掌握食品污染水平及变化趋势,防治食源性疾病和加强政府食品监管,应增加食品安全风险监测区域、监测类型、监测品种、监测数量及监测频次,提高采样和监测质量,切实提高该市食品安全保障能力和水平,保障人民群众身体健康.

Objective To understand and grasp the contamination and distribution trend of food hygiene index bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in Xingyi City from 2019 to 2023,speculate the hidden dangers of food safety in Xingyi City,and provide scientific basis for food safety risk assessment and government supervision.Methods According to the requirements of Guizhou Province Food Safety Risk Monitoring Program and the National Food Pollutants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Manual from 2019 to 2023,food sampling tests were carried out in Xingyi township and town(street office),and the judgment was made according to the national standard.Results 15 kinds of food were collected according to food types in the past five years,and 10 kinds of pathogenic bacteria were detected,the rate of exceeding the standard was 66.67%(10/15).The detection rates of bacteria exceeding the standard and pathogenic bacteria beads were compared between 81 foods from meat and meat products,condiments and food and 62 foods from other 12 categories,χ2=4.31,χ20.05,1=3.84,P<0.05,and the difference was statistically significant.Twelve sampling sites were randomly selected in the circulation link and the diet link,and 11 sampling sites detected excessive bacteria and pathogenic bacteria,and the detection rate of sampling sites(exceeded)was 91.67%(11/12).The health index bacteria exceeding the standard rate and pathogenic bacteria detection rate of the two circulation links were tested,χ2<χ20.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,and the difference was not statistically significant.115 bulk samples and 28 pre-packaged food samples were collected,and 37 and 6 beads of hygienic index bacteria and pathogenic bacteria exceeded the standard,respectively.The exceedance(detection)rates were 32.17%(37/115)and 21.43%(6/28).The test results showed thatχ2<χ20.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,and there was no statistical significance in the excess rate of hygienic index bacteria and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in bulk and pre-packaged food.The 143 samples were tested for 20 kinds of hygienic indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria,including the total number of colonies and Clostridium perfringe(1.2.2 detection items),and 12 kinds of hygienic indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria exceeded the standard,the rate of exceeding the standard(detection)was 60%(12/20),the rate of hygienic indicator bacteria exceeded the standard and the detection rate of pathogenic bacteria,χ2=37.33,χ20.05,1=3.84,respectively,P<0.05,the difference was statistically significant.From 2019 to 2023,the annual detection rate of exceeding-target health indicator bacteria and detected pathogenic bacteria exceeded the standard(detection),χ2<χ20.05,1=3.84,P>0.05,the difference was not statistically significant.In order from high to low,the overstandard rate was as follows:mold 50.00%(11/22),total colony 35.00%(7/20),Escherichia coli 10.53%(4/38);the detection rate of Burkholderia gladiolus was 16.67%(1/6),followed by 15.00%(3/20)of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.Conclusion From the detection and distribution of hygienic index bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in food,there are different degrees of hygienic index bacteria and pathogenic bacteria pollution in Xingyi City,which provides scientific basis for timely understanding the level and change trend of food pollution,early warning for prevention and control of foodborne diseases and government food supervision.It is necessary to increase the monitoring area,monitoring type,monitoring variety,monitoring quantity and monitoring frequency of food safety risks,improve the quality of sampling and monitoring,effectively improve the city's food safety security ability and level,and protect the health of the people.