数字化转型与企业内共同富裕——基于价值创造—价值占有框架的分析

Digital Transformation and Common Prosperity Within Firms——Analysis Based on Value Creation-Appropriation Framework

在共同富裕内嵌于数字经济发展的现实背景下,企业作为市场经济的微观主体,协同深化数字化转型并践行共同富裕方针,构成数字经济与共同富裕协同推进的重要基础。因此,从企业层面出发探讨数字化转型对内部共同富裕的影响及内在作用机理,以2010—2020年中国A股制造业上市公司数据为基础进行实证分析。研究发现:数字化转型能够提升企业平均薪酬并降低高管与员工之间的薪酬差距,同时发挥“做大做好蛋糕”与“分好切好蛋糕”功能,促进企业内部共同富裕;基于价值创造—价值占有框架的分析结果表明,数字化转型提升企业内部共同富裕主要通过提升企业薪酬支付能力、提升劳动力结构与抑制高管超额在职消费来实现;异质性分析结果显示,企业数字化转型“做大做好蛋糕”效应与“切好分好蛋糕效应”主要体现在非国有、劳动密集型与小规模企业中且分别在成长期企业与成熟企业中更显著。研究结论不仅基于价值创造—价值占有框架厘清了数字化转型作用于企业内收入效率与公平性的方式与路径机制,更为促进数字经济与共同富裕协同发展提供了重要的微观启示。

Under the unique setting of common prosperity embedded in the development of digital economy,it is crucial to synchronizing the growth of both the digital economy and common prosperity by ensuring that enterprises,as the micro-entities of the market economy,collaborate in deepening digital transformation and implementing the policy of common prosperity.Based on the data of A-share manufacturing listed firms from 2010 to 2020,a value creationappropriation(VCA)framework was introduced to explore the impact and internal mechanisms of digital transformation on within-firm common prosperity.The research findings show that digital transformation effectively enhances the firm’s average salary and narrows the pay gap between executives and employees,thereby simultaneously playing the“enlarging the pie”effect and“better dividing the pie”effect to prompt common prosperity within firms.By analyzing and testing the internal mechanisms based on the VCA framework,the results show that the effects of digital transformation on within-firm common prosperity are mainly achieved by enhancing firms’salary payment capacity,optimizing labor structures,and restraining excessive on-the-job consumption of executives;in addition,the results of heterogeneity tests show that both the“enlarging the pie”effect and the“better dividing the pie”effect are mainly reflected in non-state-owned firms,labor-intensive firms and small-sized firms,and are more pronounced in growing and mature enterprises respectively.It clarifies the mechanisms and paths of digital transformation’s effects on income efficiency and fairness based on the VCA framework,and provides important microlevel insights for promoting the coordinated development of the digital economy and common prosperity.