线上线下协同的全渠道零售供应链系统的鲁棒控制与优化

Online and Offline Collaborative Omnichannel Retail Supply Chain System Robust Control and Optimization

为促进新零售时代的线上线下协同发展,给消费者提供优质、灵活、无缝的购物体验,本文融合线上预约线下提货付款(reserve-online-pick-up-and-pay-in-store,ROPS)、线上购买线下退货策略(buy-onlineand-pick-up-in-store,BORP),构建了全渠道零售供应链系统的状态反馈控制模型,对比分析N-BR(不采用BORP和ROPS)、Y-B(纯BORP)、Y-R(纯ROPS)和Y-BR(融合BORP和ROPS)四种策略模型,探究消费者渠道偏好、跨渠道提货和退货参数不确定性对供应链系统库存、生产/订购和利润的影响,研究基于离散系统Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性不等式LMI方法设计系统的鲁棒控制策略抑制系统不确定性引起的牛鞭效应。结果表明:(1)全渠道零售企业应根据消费者渠道偏好特性,均衡制造商和零售商利润;(2)Y-BR策略实施会造成一定的缺货风险,零售商应合理设计采用BORP和ROPS策略的特定配置条件,提升收益水平;(3)零售商利润取决于ROPS策略下的提货率,若线下提货率过高,将引起零售商利润严重亏损;(4)鲁棒优化控制能有效抑制系统的牛鞭效应。本研究成果可为提高新零售企业的运营效率和利润,增加实体零售店的核心竞争力,实现全渠道零售企业转型发展提供一定的理论依据和实践价值。

Technological innovation and consumption upgrades have accelerated the rapid development of the“new retail”omnichannel model.With the implementation of this model,a large number of enterprises blindly added new online channels and excessively imitate business model,resulting inoffline mismanagement,overstocked inventory,and high online return rate.Therefore,how to integrate the advantages of offline and online channel,expand the integrated and intelligent omnichannel layout,and meet the personalized and seam‐less interactive experience of consumers has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently by the industry and academia.Focusing on these questions,ROPS(Reserve-Online-Pick-up-and-pay-in-Store)and BORP(Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store)strategies are integrated to build a state feedback control model for the omnichannel retail supply chain system,and four strategy models are compared:N-BR(do not adopt BORP and ROPS),Y-B(adopt pure BORP),Y-R(adopt pure ROPS),Y-BR(integrate BORP and ROPS).Further,the influence of consumer channel preferences,cross-channel delivery and return parameter uncertainty on supply chain system inventory,production/ordering and profit is investigated,and the bullwhip effect suppression method is studied based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality algorithms.The results show that:(1)Omnichannel retail companies should regard consumer channel preferences as their characteristics,and balance the profits of manufacturers and retailers;(2)Y-BR strategy will cause a certain risk of out of stock and retailers should rationally design specific configuration conditions for adopting BORP and ROPS to increase profit;(3)Retailer's profit depends on the pick-up rate.If the offline pick-up rate is too high,it will cause a serious loss in the retailer's profit;(4)Robust optimization control effectively suppresses the bullwhip effect.This research improves the operating efficiency and profits of new retail enterprises,increases the core competitiveness of physical retail stores,and provides a certain theoretical basis and practical value for the transformation and development of omnichannel retail enterprises.