考虑双重不确定性和用户负效用的多目标双层售电商决策

Multi-objective Bi-level Research on Decision-making of Power Retailers Considering Dual Uncertainty and User Disutility

随着电力零售市场准入的放开,多种类型售电公司进入电力市场,电力零售交易机制愈加多样化。智能电网环境下,针对带有可再生能源发电设备的售电商,考虑日前市场价格和可再生能源发电不确定性的影响,建立一个多目标二层随机优化模型,研究需求响应下顾及用户负效用的售电商购售电决策问题。上层模型以售电商利润最大化为目标,下层模型以用户用电成本和负效用最小化为目标。数值仿真结果表明:需求响应能够有效平衡用户一天内各时段负荷,负效用的加入可避免负荷进行峰谷转移;同时,储能设备和可再生能源均可以显著提升售电商利润。

With the liberalization of market access for electricity retail,different kinds of power companies have entered the electricity market.The trading mechanism of electricity retail market has been a focus.A multiobjective bi-level stochastic optimization modelwith nonlinear constraints is developed to study the decision of electricity retailer considering the influence of disutility of users under demand response.The uncertainty of dayahead pricing and renewable energy generation are also taken into account.The retailer'sprofit maximization and the users'cost minimization are defined as the upper-layerand lower-layer problem of developed bi-level model,respectively.Then an improved GA algorithmis used to solve this model.The electricity sales of electricity retailers in each market are defined as individuals in the GA population,and the expected revenues of electricity retailers are used as the fitness functions.The Monte Carlo method is used to generate different scenarios,and simulation analysis is carried out under these different scenarios.Finally,the developed model is verified with real data from the US PJM market.It can be seen from the simulation results that after the implementation of DR,the decision model constructed in our paper can effectively balance the power load of users at various times of one day,and the use of the negative utility mechanism can effectively avoid peak-valley transfers and reduce the electricity cost of users.Energy storage equipment and renewable energy power generation equipment have significantly improved the revenue of electricity retailer,while the impact of uncertain factors such as price fluctuations in the spot marketand the randomness of renewable energy output can be alleviated.Specially,the users'negative utility cost function in the renewable energy power generation scenario is considered,which provides a new idea for studying users'electricity consumption behavior.