B2C电子商务二级仓储网络订单履行的在线动态库存分配优化研究

The Optimization of Online Dynamic Inventory Allocation for Order Fulfillment in Two Echelon Warehouse Network of B2C e-Commerce

为了保证B2C订单履行的就近发货,B2C的中心仓需要每天根据当天库存状态和需求信息对分仓进行动态补货。本文将这种补货称为在线动态库存分配。这种库存分配对减少转载运输和销售损失有重要影响,是B2C订单快速响应的重要支撑。本文为这类新的库存分配问题构建了新的模型和算法。首先,通过深入分析每天库存分配导致的当天和第二天的五种不同的缺货成本,构建了在线动态库存分配的单阶段决策模型。然后,利用边际缺货成本分析,推导出了不考虑运输约束时应优先考虑中心仓当天的需求,并为当天和第二天的需求分别设计了不同的均衡库存分配策略。接着,在考虑运输约束时,提出了基于平均缺货机会成本的迭代求解算法。最后,通过数值实验验证了模型和算法有效性。本文所提出的模型和算法拓展了库存分配的相关理论,为B2C订单履行的库存分配优化提供重要参考。

To make the B2C order always be fulfilled by the closest warehouse,the Regional Distribution Center(RDC)of B2C have to replenish the inventory to Front Distribution Center(FDC)according to the available inventory and the daily demand.This process of the replenishment is called online dynamic inventory allocation,which could greatly reduce the inventory shortage and reduce the transshipment cost and the sales loss.So,the online dynamic inventory allocation become an important issue for the fastest response of the efulfillment.In this paper,the daily decision model and the solving algorithm of the online dynamic inventory allocation problem are presented.First,the cost of inventory shortage caused by the daily inventory allocation decision are analyzed,which includes five different shortage cost.And,the daily decision model is proposed based on these shortage costs.Then,according to the marginal analysis of inventory shortage cost,it is concluded that the RDC daily demand of the decision day should be satisfied preferentially.After that,two equilibrium inventory allocation strategies are presented specifically for the current day and the next day when transportation is unlimited.Furthermore,when both the limitation of quantity and the product item of transportation are considered,an iterative algorithm based on average opportunity cost of allocation is constructed.Finally,numerical experiments are implemented to simulate the inventory allocation operation of B2C e-commerce.The results of simulation demonstrate that both the model and the algorithm could obtain a sequence of optimal daily allocations in an acceptable computation time.The daily decision model and the solving algorithm of this study can help the B2C retailor develops better inventory allocation policies.