天然植物多糖的动物免疫调节功能研究进展

Research progress on the immunoregulation function of plant polysaccharides in animals

多糖是生命活动中必不可少的大分子,具有抗氧化、调节免疫等生物学活性.由于商品饲料近年来全面禁止添加抗生素,天然植物多糖以其生物功效明显、来源广泛、生物可降解性高、毒副作用小等优势,成为当下研究热点.天然植物多糖对畜禽免疫系统的调节作用主要包括调节肠道免疫功能以及通过模式识别受体来调节机体免疫.调节肠道免疫的方式主要有调节肠道菌群、修复肠道屏障、改善肠道微生物发酵等三种.通过模式识别受体调节机体免疫主要通过促进畜禽机体免疫器官的生长、激活免疫细胞、调控免疫应答等途径实现.对天然植物多糖上述功效及具体作用机理进行综述,旨在为其高效开发利用提供参考.

Polysaccharides are vital macromolecules involved in biological processes like immune regulation and antioxida-tion.Owing to the recent complete prohibition on the addition of antibiotics to commercial feeds,natural plant polysaccharides,which have a wide range of sources,high biodegradability,low toxicity,and minimal side effects,have emerged as a research hotspot.The regulation of natural plant polysaccharides on the immune system of livestock and poultry mainly includes the regu-lation of intestinal immune function and the regulation of body immunity through pattern recognition receptors.Regulating intes-tinal immunity mainly includes regulating intestinal flora,repairing the intestinal barrier,and improving intestinal microbial fer-mentation.The regulation of body immunity through pattern recognition receptors is mainly realized by promoting the growth of immune organs,activating immune cells,and regulating the immune response in livestock and poultry.This research reviewed the efficacy and mechanism of natural plant polysaccharides,with the goal of providing a reference for their efficient synthesis and utilization.