韩国语言政策的演变及价值取向研究

A Study on the Transformation and Value Orientation of Language Policy in ROK

建国初期,韩国面临维护政权和恢复民族认同的双重挑战。语言作为符号和记忆的载体,包含着深刻的民族性和政治价值,制定语言政策成为国家建构中不可避免的关键任务之一。后殖民时期的韩国采取了“去日化”和“去汉化”等语言政策,降低日语和汉字在韩国社会的影响力和支配力,以求脱离长期的册封关系和严酷的殖民统治的影响。随着21世纪全球化的发展,韩国政府一方面动用“举国机制”推进英语教育改革,提升国民外语能力;另一方面实施多语多文化政策,提高全民多文化素质,提升跨国移民的社会融入程度,构建了“韩语为本、英语为重,兼顾多语种协调发展”的语言政策体系。综上,韩国语言政策的价值取向从后殖民时期的“强调政治价值”,发展到了21世纪的“提倡工具价值”,再“升华至人文价值”的三个阶段。

In the early years of its founding,ROK faced the dual challenges of maintaining state power and restoring its national identity.As a carrier of symbols and memories,language contains profound national and political values,and the formulation of language policy is thus one of the key tasks in state building.In postcolonial,language policies of ROK such as de-Japanification and de-Sinicization were adopted to reduce the influence and dominance of the Chinese and Japanese languages in society in order to break away from the long-standing tributary relationship and harsh colonial rule.As globalization moves on in the 21st century,the government of ROK has,on the one hand,set up a“nationwide mechanism”to promote the reform of English education and improve foreign language skills nationwide,and on the other hand,implemented a policy of“multilingualism and multiculturalism”to improve the multicultural quality of the people and enhance the social integration of transnational immigrants.In this way,a multilingual language policy system has been established,with Korean as the primary language and English as the focus,taking into account the coordination of multiple languages.In conclusion,the value orientation of ROK’s language policy has evolved from“political values first”in the post-colonial period to“promoting instrumental values and then humanistic values”in the 21st century.