走出人类世:作为同伴物种的人工智能与跨物种交往

Exiting the Anthropocene:Artificial Intelligence as a Companion Species and Cross-Species Interaction

随着智能技术的飞速发展,智能体、动植物、基础设施及生态环境等均被赋予了前所未有的可对话性与能动性。“跨生命”与“跨物种”的互动已成为传播学研究不可回避的议题。本文引入哈拉维的“同伴物种”理论,采用“非拟人化”和“非客体化”的“物种”视角来审视人工智能,从关系性存在、摄受共生及文化技术交织等多重维度剖析人-AI交往的复杂性。作为新物种的人工智能,在依附与互利、演替与突变、兼容与竞争的过程中,与人类建立了紧密的同伴关系,这就要求我们走出人类世,建立异类接合、互构共成、多物种共生的人-AI交往观,迎接即将到来的跨物种、跨生命的新交往模式。

With the rapid development of intelligent technologies,intelligence agent,plants and animals,infrastructures and ecological environments have been endowed with unprecedented dialogic ability and mobility.The interaction between“cross-life”and“cross-species”has become an unavoidable topic in communication research.This paper introduces Haraway's theory of“companion species”and adopts the“species”perspective of“non-anthropomorphism”and“non-objectification”to examine AI,and analyse the complexity of human-AI interactions in terms of relational existence,ingestive symbiosis,and cultural and technological intertwining.As a new species,AI establishes a close companionship with humans in the process of dependence and mutual benefit,succession and mutation,compatibility and competition.This requires us to step out of the Anthropocene and establish a view of human-AI interactions that is heterogeneous joined,mutually constructive,and multi-species symbiotic,so as to welcome the upcoming new mode of interactions across species and lives.