北京市中小学生5种食品添加剂的内暴露水平分析

Analysis on the internal exposure levels of five food additives in primary and secondary school students in Beijing City

目的了解北京市中小学生尿液中5种食品添加剂的内暴露水平。方法2016年9月,在北京2个区的中小学收集900份学生尿液样本,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定5种食品添加剂(苯甲酸、安赛蜜、甜蜜素、糖精和4-己基间苯二酚)含量,按照年龄组计算每日估计摄入量(EDI),并评估其存在的健康风险。结果全部尿液样本中均检测到甜蜜素和糖精,96.3%的样本中检测到安赛蜜。甜蜜素的中位浓度(4788.5 ng/mL)明显高于其他4种食品添加剂(苯甲酸235.9 ng/mL,安赛蜜92.6 ng/mL,糖精84.1 ng/mL,4-己基间苯二酚7.6 ng/mL)。7~12岁学生尿液中苯甲酸浓度极显著高于13~17岁年龄组的学生(P<0.001);13~17岁年龄组学生尿液中安赛蜜、糖精和4-己基间苯二酚浓度极显著高于7~12岁学生(P<0.001);13~17岁年龄组女生尿液中糖精浓度极显著高于同年龄组男生(P<0.001)。5种食品添加剂的中位EDI分别为:苯甲酸3.48μg/kg·BW/d、安赛蜜1.36μg/kg·BW/d、甜蜜素69.01μg/kg·BW/d、糖精1.22μg/kg·BW/d、4-己基间苯二酚0.11μg/kg·BW/d。结论本研究中北京市中小学生广泛暴露于5种食品添加剂,部分高暴露儿童甜蜜素EDI高于每日允许摄入量(ADI),存在一定的健康风险,其他4种添加剂暴露水平远低于ADI,总体处于安全水平。

Objective To investigate the internal exposure levels of urinary five food additives among primary and secondary school students in Beijing.Methods In September 2016,900 urine samples were collected from children and adolescents in primary and secondary schools in two districts of Beijing.The concentrations of five food additives were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectroscopy,including benzoic acid,acesulfame,cyclamate,saccharin,and 4-hexylresorcinol.The estimated daily intake(EDI)values were calculated to assess the health risks according to age groups.Results Cyclamate and saccharin were detected in all urine samples and the detection frequency of acesulfame was 96.3%.The median concentration(4788.5 ng/mL)of cyclamate was significantly higher than that of the other four food additives(84.1 ng/mL for saccharin,92.6 ng/mL for acesulfame,235.9 ng/mL for benzoic acid,and 7.6 ng/mL for 4-hexylresorcinol).Urinary concentration of benzoic acid was higher in students aged from 7 to 12 than in the students aged from 13 to 17(P<0.001).The urinary concentrations of acesulfame,saccharin and 4-hexylresorcinol in students aged from 13 to 17 were significantly higher than those in students aged from 7 to 12(P<0.001).Girls had a significantly higher urinary saccharin concentration than boys in the 13-17 age group(P<0.001).The median estimated daily intake(EDI)of the five food additives were 3.48μg/kg·BW/d for benzoic acid,1.36μg/kg·BW/d for acesulfame,69.01μg/kg·BW/d for cyclamate,1.22μg/kg·BW/d for saccharin,and 0.11μg/kg·BW/d for 4-hexylresorcinol,respectively.Conclusion Primary and secondary school students in Beijing were widely exposed to five food additives.Some children were expsed to cyclamate at levels higher than the acceptable daily intake(ADI),posing health risk.The exposure levels of the other four additives were far below the ADI and were generally at safe levels.