广东省19个地市18岁及以上人群9种试点食药物质消费状况调查

A survey on consumption of nine pilot edible and medicinal substances among individuals aged 18 and above in 19 cities in Guangdong Province

目的通过对党参等9种试点食药物质开展消费状况调查,为完善食药物质安全风险评估基础数据库提供依据。方法本研究于2019—2021年在广东省抽取19个地市调查点,选择18岁及以上有传统煲汤料等地方特色食品食用习惯的健康人群作为研究对象,采用食物频率调查法收集调查对象过去12个月9种试点食药物质等消费状况。结果本研究共纳入6233名调查对象,其中,男性占49.2%、女性占50.8%。调查人群中,9种试点食药物质的消费率为0.8%~55.3%,消费率从高到低分别为:党参55.3%、黄芪47.4%、西洋参41.5%、灵芝30.0%、铁皮石斛(干)24.1%、天麻16.0%、铁皮石斛(鲜)4.8%、肉苁蓉2.6%、杜仲叶1.3%、山茱萸0.8%。消费人群中,9种试点食药物质以不直接食用为主,占比为82.6%~95.1%,每月消费频率均值为每月0.8~2.2次。9种试点食药物质干品每次消费量均值为每次7.4~11.9 g,铁皮石斛(鲜)每次消费量均值为每次41.9 g。结论广东省19个地市18岁及以上人群9种试点食药物质消费率差异较大,党参、黄芪等消费频率较高,建议针对食药物质用法、用量进一步科学评估,对居民做好正确食用的科普宣教。

Objective This study aims to conducting a survey on the consumption of nine pilot edible and medicinal substances including Codonopsis pilosula and etc.,and provides a basis for supplementing the database of food safety assessment.Methods Nineteen cities in Guangdong Province were selected as sample sites from 2019 to 2021.Healthy individuals aged 18 years and above who had the habit of eating traditional local food such as soup ingredients were selected as candidate subjects.A food frequency questionnaire was applied for collecting information on the consumption of the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances over the past 12 months.Results This study enrolled a total of 6233 participants,with 49.2%male and 50.8%female.Among the study population,the consumption rates of the nine pilot edible and and medicinal substances ranged from 0.8%to 55.3%,The consumption rates from high to low are as follows:Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.(55.3%),Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao(47.4%),Panax quinquefolium L.(41.5%),Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.Ex Fr.)Karst.(dry)(30%),Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo(24.1%),Gastrodia elata B1.(16%),Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo(wet)(4.8%),Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma(2.6%),Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.(1.3%),Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.(0.8%).Among the consumer population,the primary mode of consumption for the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances is indirect,accounting for 82.6%to 95.1%.The average monthly consumption frequency ranges from 0.8 to 2.2 times per month.The mean consumption quantity per occasion for the selected dried food-medicinal substances ranges from 7.4 to 11.9 grams,However,the mean consumption quantity per occasion for Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo(wet)is 41.9 grams.Conclusion There are significant differences in the consumption rates of the nine pilot edible and medicinal substances among adults in the 19 municipalities of Guangdong province.The consumption quantity per occasion is high in some substances such as Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.,Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao.It is recommended to further scientifically evaluate the usage and dosage of these food-medicinal substances and make public education on the correct consumption of food for residents.