2018—2022年中国内地老年人群食源性疾病主动监测结果分析

Analysis of foodborne disease surveillance of geriatrics from 2018 to 2022 in China’s Mainland

目的了解我国老年人群食源性疾病流行病学特征,为老年人食源性疾病预防和控制提供科学依据。方法通过我国“食源性疾病病例监测系统”,收集2018—2022年65岁以上老年人群主动监测病例信息,采集粪便标本,开展沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌和诺如病毒的检测,进行流行病学特征分析。结果老年人群急性胃肠炎病例粪便标本总体检出率为9.15%(7218/78904,95%CI:8.95%,9.35%),以沙门菌最高(3860/78699,4.90%,95%CI:4.75%,5.06%),其次为诺如病毒(1517/73173,2.07%,95%CI:1.97%,2.18%)、致泻大肠埃希菌(1.39%,1015/72763,95%CI:1.31%,1.48%)、副溶血性弧菌(1.00%,782/78386,95%CI:0.93%,1.07%)和志贺菌(0.19%,147/78611,95%CI:0.16%,0.22%)。老年人群男性沙门菌检出率高于女性,而女性副溶血性弧菌检出率高于男性,且年龄越大,检出率越低。老年人群各监测病原检出率具有明显季节性,沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌检出率在7、8月达到高峰,诺如病毒则在2、3月达到高峰,各地区监测病原检出率有所不同,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=546.85,P<0.001)。可疑暴露食品类别主要为肉与肉制品、粮食类及其制品和蔬菜类及其制品等大宗食品,家庭是最主要的进食场所。结论我国2018—2022年间老年人群急性胃肠炎病例以沙门菌检出率最高,不同性别、年龄和地区监测病原流行病学特征有所不同,应根据对应特征分布制定针对性措施预防老年人食源性疾病发生。

Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases among the geriatrics in China’s Mainland,the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne diseases was understood.Methods Information on acute gastroenteritis cases aged≥65 years in China’s Foodborne Disease Case Surveillance System from 2018 to 2022 was collected and analyzed.Results The overall prevelance of foodborne disease monitoring pathogens among the geriatrics in China was 9.15%(7218/78904,95%CI:8.95%,9.35%),with Salmonella spp.being the highest(4.90%,3860/78699,95%CI:4.75%,5.06%),Norovirus(2.07%,1517/73173,95%CI:1.97%,2.18%),Diarrheogenic E.coli(1.39%,1015/72763,95%CI:1.31%,1.48%),Vibrio parahaemolyticus(1.00%,782/78386,95%CI:0.93%,1.07%)and Shigella spp.(0.19%,147/78611,95%CI:0.16%,0.22%).The prevelance of Salmonella spp.in male elderly was higher than that in female,while the prevelance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in female was higher than that in male.The higher the age,the lower the prevelance was.Geriatrics with foodborne diseases had obvious seasonality.The prevelances of Salmonella spp.,Shigella spp.,Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheogenic E.coli reach their peak in July and August,while Norovirus reaches its peak in February and March.The overall prevelance varies across different regions of the country,and the differences are statistically significant(χ^(2)=546.85,P<0.001).The categories of suspicious exposed foods mainly include meat and meat products,grains and its products,vegetables and its products,etc,with households being the main place of consumption.Conclusion Salmonella spp.has the highest prevelance in active surveillance of acute gastroenteritis among the geriatrics in China’s Mainland.The epidemiological characteristics of surveilled pathogens vary in different gender,age and regions,taking targeted measures should be formulated based on the corresponding distribution of characteristics to prevent foodborne diseases in geriatrics.