Quantitative characterization of the brittleness of deep shales by integrating mineral content,elastic parameters,in situ stress conditions and logging analysis

Deep shale reservoirs(3500–4500 m)exhibit significantly different stress states than moderately deep shale reservoirs(2000–3500 m).As a result,the brittleness response mechanisms of deep shales are also different.It is urgent to investigate methods to evaluate the brittleness of deep shales to meet the increasingly urgent needs of deep shale gas development.In this paper,the quotient of Young’s modulus divided by Poisson’s ratio based on triaxial compression tests under in situ stress conditions is taken as SSBV(Static Standard Brittleness Value).A new and pragmatic technique is developed to determine the static brittleness index that considers elastic parameters,the mineral content,and the in situ stress conditions(BIEMS).The coefficient of determination between BIEMS and SSBV reaches 0.555 for experimental data and 0.805 for field data.This coefficient is higher than that of other brittleness indices when compared to SSBV.BIEMS can offer detailed insights into shale brittleness under various conditions,including different mineral compositions,depths,and stress states.This technique can provide a solid data-based foundation for the selection of‘sweet spots’for single-well engineering and the comparison of the brittleness of shale gas production layers in different areas.