CEO时间焦点、注意力配置与企业韧性

CEO Temporal Focus,Attention Configuration and Firm Resilience

组织韧性有助于企业应对内外部环境变化以实现平稳健康可持续发展。本文基于注意力基础观,以2017—2020年沪深A股制造业企业为样本,探讨CEO时间焦点及其匹配效应影响企业韧性的内在机制。研究发现:CEO过去时间焦点能够显著缓解企业损失严重性,CEO未来时间焦点能够显著增强企业恢复效率,CEO过去时间焦点与未来时间焦点的一致性则有助于企业损失严重性的降低;经营业务变更在CEO过去时间焦点与未来时间焦点一致性对企业损失严重性的影响中起部分中介作用。本文不仅通过探究CEO过去时间焦点和未来时间焦点及其匹配效应对企业韧性的不同影响效果,突出了CEO作为决策者的注意力配置在动态环境中的战略重要性,丰富了注意力基础观在企业韧性领域的应用,而且揭示了CEO不同类型时间焦点的匹配效应影响企业韧性的作用机制,有助于丰富和拓展企业韧性的理论框架,为企业在复杂多变环境中构建持续竞争优势提供建议。

In recent years,the frequent occurrence of natural disasters,accident disasters,public health incidents,and social security events worldwide has sparked widespread academic interest in how enterprises can enhance their resilience to cope with changes in the external environment.In a complex and turbulent environment,improving resilience has increasingly become a strategic issue that enterprises must consider while pursuing economic benefits.Resilient enterprises can maintain the stability of their core business under the impact of sudden events,avoid severe losses,and recover quickly from adversity.The attention‑based view suggests that the specific configuration of attention across past,present,and future time dimensions forms a temporal focus,reflecting an individual’s degree of attention to the past,present,and future.Different configurations of CEO attention led to different leadership styles.Individuals can have multiple temporal focuses,allocating different degrees of attention,but juxtaposed past and future temporal focuses are inherently contradictory,requiring different types of thinking and thus leading to opposing cognitive attitudes and behavioral patterns.Based on the attention‑based view,this study explores the impact mechanisms of CEO temporal focus and matching effects on firm resilience under the impact of sudden events,yielding the following conclusions:First,different types of CEO temporal focuses have significantly different impacts on the two dimensions of firm resilience—stability in responding to external shocks and flexibility in rapid recovery after shocks.Under the impact of sudden events,a CEO’s past temporal focus positively affects the reduction of loss severity,while a CEO’s future temporal focus positively affects recovery efficiency.Moreover,the consistency between a CEO’s past and future temporal focuses contributes to reducing loss severity,with a stronger impact when the CEO has high past and future temporal focuses compared to CEOs with low past‑future temporal focuses.Second,in the study of the impact mechanisms of CEO temporal focus and its matching effects on firm resilience,reconfiguration play a partial mediating role in the positive effects of consistency between past and future temporal focuses in reducing loss severity.This study contributes in three main ways:Firstly,based on the attention‑based view,this research selects firm resilience as the dependent variable and investigates the impact of various combinations of CEO past temporal focus,future temporal focus,and their matching effects on firm resilience.This not only expands the outcomes influenced by CEO temporal focuses but also provides dialectical thinking for understanding the synergistic effects of these focuses.Secondly,this study extends the research on antecedents of firm resilience.Currently,research on the antecedents of firm resilience is still in its infancy,with existing studies primarily exploring from the perspectives of organizational capabilities and external institutions.This often overlook the influence of the CEO as the primary manager of the enterprise.This study focuses on the specific configuration of CEO attention across past,present,and future temporal dimensions,clarifying how CEO temporal focus at an individual level affects firm resilience,thereby providing new theoretical insights and empirical evidence in this field.Lastly,this study reveals the mediating mechanisms of CEO temporal focus and matching effects on firm resilience.Building on research related to dynamic capabilities,this paper elucidates the impact of CEO temporal focus on firm resilience and explains the mediating roles of reconfiguration and restructuring between them.This further demonstrates how different types of internal reorganization activities mediate the varying impacts of CEO temporal focus on firm resilience,further advancing the micro‑foundations of firm resilience,and unpacking the mechanism black box of CEO influence on firm resilience.