急性高氡暴露对小鼠生物效应的研究

Biological effects of acute high⁃dose radon exposure on mice

目的研究急性高氡暴露对小鼠的生物效应。方法将6~8周龄BALB/c雄性小鼠一次性暴露于平均氡浓度7×10^(5) Bq/m^(3)的HD-3型生态氡室中10 h,分别在其暴露后1、2、3个月时称重并收集小鼠肺组织与血液样本,每个时间点均设置相应的对照组,每组4只。使用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察小鼠肺组织病理、血液分析仪检测血常规、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)检测试剂盒分别测量血清与肺组织SOD与MDA含量。结果HE染色结果表明,实验组较对照组出现肺泡壁增厚与粒细胞浸润增多,但其程度随时间逐渐降低,且在3个月时未观察到明显差异。实验组与对照组的体重及血常规各指标无明显改变。SOD含量检测显示,氡暴露后2个月,肺组织SOD含量下降[对照组(11.34±1.03)U/mgprot,实验组(9.75±0.71)U/mgprot,t=2.54,P<0.05]。MDA含量检测显示,氡暴露后1个月,肺组织MDA含量增加[对照组(2.30±0.24)nmol/mgprot,实验组(2.77±0.29)nmol/mgprot,t=2.49,P<0.05]。氡暴露后3个月,实验组与对照组SOD与MDA含量无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论小鼠急性高氡暴露后,肺组织出现一定程度的损伤并且可以检测到氧化应激指标的变化。但在暴露后3个月内,损伤逐渐被修复,氧化应激指标也恢复正常。此外,急性高氡暴露未引起小鼠体重和血常规的明显改变。

Objective To investigate the biological effects of acute high-dose radon exposure on mice. Methods BALB/c male mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were exposed once in an HD-3 ecological radon chamber with an average radon concentration of 7×10^(5) Bq/m^(3) for 10 h. Mice were weighed, their lung tissues and blood samples were collected at 1, 2 and 3 months after exposure. Control groups were set up at the three time points with four mice in each group. For these mice, the lung tissue pathology was observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining method, routine blood tests were conducted using a hematology analyzer and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum and lung tissues were measured using corresponding assay kits. Results The HE staining result revealed that compared to the control groups, the experimental groups exhibited thickening of alveolar walls and increased infiltration of granulocyte, whose degrees, however, reduced over time and displayed no significant difference at 3 months after exposure. There was no significant difference in body weight or blood routine between the experimental and control groups. The detection result revealed decreased SOD levels in the lung tissues at 2 months after exposure, which were (11.34 ±1.03) U/mgprot and (9.75 ±0.71) U/mgprot, respectively for the control and experimental groups (t = 2.54, P< 0.05). The MDA levels in lung tissue increased at 1 month after exposure, which were(2.30 ±0.24) and (2.77 ±0.29) nmol/mgprot, respectively for the control and experimental groups (t = 2.49, P< 0.05). At 3 months after exposure, the SOD and MDA levels differed insignificantly between the control and experimental groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions After acute high-dose radon exposure, the mice suffered damage to the lung tissue, with changes in their oxidative stress indicators being detected. However, these effects gradually diminished at 3 months after exposure. Additionally, acute high-dose radon exposure did not give rise to significant changes in the body weight or routine blood result of the mice.