局部进展期直肠癌新辅助放化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的研究进展

Advances in research on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for locally advanced rectal cancer

新辅助放化疗(nCRT)后行全直肠系膜切除术加辅助化疗是目前局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)传统的治疗方案,然而,病理完全缓解(pCR)率较低,不足15%,保肛率不能满足患者对生活质量的追求。近年来,将术后辅助化疗前移至术前的全程新辅助治疗(TNT)模式,进一步提高了pCR率,逐渐成为新的标准治疗模式,但其pCR率仍不足30%。目前,免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)在多种实体肿瘤治疗中取得很大成功,但在局部晚期直肠癌中应用较少。近年来,有多项临床试验探索了术前新辅助放化疗联合免疫检查点抑制剂治疗用于局部进展期直肠癌的治疗,本文就相关研究进展进行综述。

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) and adjuvant chemotherapy serves as a traditional standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, such treatment suffers low pathological complete response (pCR) rates, which are merely less than 15%, and low anal-preservation rates, failing to meet the demand of patients for high quality of life. Recently, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) whereby postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is performed preoperatively has further increased the pCR rate, gradually becoming a novel therapeutic approach. Nevertheless, the pCR rate of TNT remains below 30%. Presently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been proved to be highly successful in treating various solid tumors, yet they are scarcely employed to treat LARC. In recent years, many clinical trials have been conducted to explore the application of nCRT combined with ICIs in the treatment of LARC. This paper reviews the advances in research on this therapy.