黄孝片江淮官话的被动标记及其来源

On the Etymology of the Passive Markers in Huangxiao Cluster of Jianghuai iMandarin

江准官话黄孝片方言的被动标记主要有“尽、等、着、驮、把、把得”等六种形式,语义来源有“使役”义、“遭受”义和“给予”义。“尽”和“等”分别在“完结”“等待”义的基础上从“使役”义发展出被动义,“着”和“驮”分别从“附着”“背负”义经由“遭受”义演化为被动义,“把”和“把得”先后经历了给予动词的使役化和使役动词的被动化。上述功能有些源自古代汉语的遗留,有些则是黄孝片江准官话的创新发展。

The passive markers in Huangxiao cluster of Jianghuai Mandarin include jin尽,deng等,zhuo着,tuo驮,ba把and bade把得,which semantically bare the meaning of CAUSE,SUFFER and GIVE.On the basis of the meaning of END and WAIT,jin尽and deng等evolve to passive markers from causative verbs.Zhuo着and tuo驮evolved from attaching and bearing verbs to passive markers through verbs with the meaning of SUFFER.Ba把and bade把得have undergone the causativization of GIVE verbs and the passivization of causative verbs.Some of the above functions are derived from ancient Chinese,while others are the innovative development of Huangxiao cluster,Jianghuai Mandarin.