青海西宁方言的话题结构和宾动结构

Topic Structure and Object-Verb Structure in Xi'ning Dialect in Qinghai Province

青海西宁方言的宾动结构(OV)一直以来受到学者们的高度关注,主要原因是在同周边SOV语言的接触过程中,西宁方言的语序出现明显的SOV化,格标记的产生更使得其离VO语序越来越远。由于话题结构和宾动结构在语序上的最大共性是名词性成分都前置于动词,无形中出现“雷同”。西宁方言虽然发展出了真正意义上的OV语序,但这并不等于说西宁方言没有话题结构,西宁方言的宾动结构和话题结构在形式上也存在明显的区分,宾语带有宾格标记“下”[·xa],话题一般可以带话题标记“吵”[·sa]或“嘛”[·ma](非强制)。西宁方言的否定句、疑问句也是最重要的话题化条件,这同吴语等话题优先的方言具有共性。

The object-verb structure(OV)of Xi'ning dialect in Qinghai province has long been attracting attentions,mainly because it indicates word order changes and possible contacts with the surrounding SOV languages.In addition,the emergence of case markers has made it further away from VO word order.However,there have been but inadequate discussions on the topic structure of Xi'ning dialect and its relationship with the object-verb structure.An obvious commonality between the topic structure(TOP)and OV order is that the NP precedes the verb.A clear morphological distinction,however,is found between the OV and TOP.The object has the accusative marker[-xa]下,while the topic generally,but not obligatorily,takes the topic marker[-sa]唦/[-ma]嘛.The negation and interrogative of Xi'ning dialect are the most important structures to foster topicalization,as is in the case of Wu dialect.