世界文化遗产边界重大修改案例研究——以系列遗产为例

Significant Modifications to the Boundaries of World Cultural Heritage: A Case Study on Serial Heritage

世界文化遗产的“边界重大修改”,是对系列遗产的突出普遍价值(OUV)加以支撑、雕琢和提升的途径之一,在申报过程中具有一定优势。现存世界遗产边界重大修改案例,主要以扩展形式体现,即纳入系列组成部分的同时对原有遗产的完整性和文化价值做必要的进一步补充。本文在全面收集世界文化遗产边界重大修改项目资料的基础上,选取其中最具有代表性的,反映系列扩展、系列扩展+、系列扩展+局部缩减、系列移除四种模式的罗马帝国边境、荷兰水防线、格拉特修道院等3处遗产案例,并对边界修改的原因、类别以及修改前后遗产构成、完整性、价值特征、文化价值等进行对比分析。基于此提出,“丝绸之路:长安—天山廊道的路网”可考虑以“西天山及其余脉的水资源体系”为系列属性,采用系列扩展+的模式,逐步将七河地区、费尔干纳盆地、塔什干盆地、乌什鲁沙那、索格德、花剌子模、巴克特里亚地区的丝绸之路遗址纳入系列扩展,作为天山廊道中“西天山及其余脉水系”大文化区的组成部分。该扩展模式相比目前中亚各国相继开展新申报,具有更多优势。

Significant Boundary Modifications of world cultural heritage sites are not uncommon,primarily taking the form of extensions to existing heritage,which are intended to complement the integrity and cultural value of the original serial property.To date,projects involving significant boundary modifications have focused solely on implementation,with limited academic attention given to reviewing or summarising relevant cases or conducting thorough analyses and discussions of the patterns and models of such modifications.This paper examines the content related to boundary modifications in previous editions of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention,tracing their development over time and discussing their impacts,implications,and advantages.After compiling comprehensive information on significant boundary modifications of world cultural heritage sites,the paper selects three heritage sites—the boundaries of the Roman Empire,the Dutch Water Defense Lines,and the Gelati Monastery—to represent four models of boundary modification:serial extension,serial extension+,serial extension+minor reduction,and partial removal.Furthermore,the paper conducts a comparative analysis of the causes and categories of boundary modifications,components,integrity,attributes,and cultural value before and after the modification to elucidate the underlying logics.Based on the aforementioned findings,the paper concludes that the Silk Roads:the Route Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor possesses the attributes of serial heritage based on the water resource system of the western range and other parts of Mount Tianshan.Applying the extension of serial heritage+model,it is possible to include Silk Road sites in the Zhetysu Region,Fergana Valley,Toshkent Basin,Ustrushana,Sogdiana,Khwarazm,and Bactria as components of the larger cultural region surrounding the water system of western and other parts of Mount Tianshan,thereby extending the world heritage site.This extension of existing heritage offers more advantages compared to other new applications currently submitted by various countries in Central Asia.