老年肺癌患者跌倒风险的潜在类别及影响因素分析

Analysis of latent class and its influencing factors of fall risk in elderly patients with lung cancer

目的:了解老年肺癌患者的跌倒风险现状,探讨老年肺癌患者跌倒风险的潜在类别及影响因素,为临床制订个体针对化的防跌倒护理措施提供参考。方法:采用横断面研究方法,在2022年11月至2023年3月便利抽样选取安徽医科大学第三附属医院和中国科学技术大学附属第一医院肿瘤科的410例老年肺癌患者,运用一般情况调查表、中文版格列宁根衰弱指标量表、Morse跌倒评估量表、Tinetti平衡与步态量表对其进行调查。对其跌倒风险进行潜在类别分析,并运用单因素方差分析、χ^(2)检验和多元Logistic回归分析跌倒风险潜在类别的影响因素。结果:回收有效问卷404份,患者年龄为(67.10±7.24)岁,其中男293例,女111例。404例老年肺癌患者跌倒风险得分为0~110(40.35±20.18)分,其跌倒风险可分为3个潜在类别,包括认知不足型(8.21%,34/404)、活动受限型(40.10%,162/404)、肢体无力型(51.49%,208/404),多元Logistic回归结果显示,婚姻状况、月收入水平、糖尿病史、步态能力是老年肺癌患者跌倒风险潜在类别的影响因素(OR值为0.180~37.681,均P<0.05)。结论:老年肺癌患者跌倒风险存在异质性,医护人员可根据个体特征提出针对性防跌倒护理措施,加强老年肺癌患者安全,提高老年肺癌患者的生命质量。

Objective To investigate the current situation of fall risk in elderly patients with lung cancer,explore the latent classes and influencing factors of fall risk in elderly patients with lung cancer,and provide reference for the formulation of individualized nursing measures to prevent falls.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023.A total of 410 elderly patients with lung cancer in the oncology department of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China were selected by convenience sampling using the general situation questionnaire.The general data questionnaire,the Chinese version of Groningen Frailty Indicator,Morse Fall Scale and Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment were used to investigate.The latent classes of fall risk were analyzed,and the factors influencing the latent classes of fall risk were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression.ResultsA total of 404 valid questionnaires were collected,with age of(67.10±7.24)years old,including 293 males and 111 females.The fall risk score of 404 elderly patients with lung cancer was 0-110(40.35±20.18)points,and the fall risk could be divided into three latent classes,including cognitive deficiency(8.42%,34/404),mobility limitation(40.10%,162/404)and limb weakness(51.49%,208/404).Multiple logistic regression results showed that marital status,monthly income level,diabetes history and gait ability were the influencing factors of fall risk in elderly patients with lung cancer(OR values were 0.180-37.681,all P<0.05).ConclusionsThere is heterogeneity in the risk of falls in elderly patients with lung cancer.According to individual characteristics,medical staff can propose targeted measures to prevent falls and improve the safety and quality of life of elderly patients with lung cancer.