非法植入基因编辑胚胎罪的保护法益证成

The Protecting Legal Interests of the Crime of Illegally Implanting Genome Editing Embryos

非法植入基因编辑胚胎罪系《刑法修正案(十一)》增加,正确适用本罪的前提在于明确其保护的法益。生命权与健康权、人类尊严、基因安全与遗传安全、人类基因科学技术应用的伦理性和安全性均无法作为本罪的保护法益,其对构成要件的解释无法起到具体规制机能。结合本罪的体系定位和构成要件行为,本罪应具有双层保护法益,表层法益体现为公共卫生管理秩序,深层法益体现为人类自然生殖利益。基于这一双层法益可以明确非法植入基因编辑胚胎罪的性质与具体构成要件要素的本质,并且能够说明立法者未对特定基因编辑行为犯罪化的原因,因而具有合理性。

The crime of illegally implanting genome editing embryos is a new addition to the Criminal Law Amendment (XI).The premise of correct application of this crime is to clarify the protection of legal interests of this crime.The right to life and health,human dignity,genetic safety and genetic safety,as well as the ethical and safety aspects of the application of human genetic science and technology,cannot be used as legal interests for the protection of this crime,and their interpretation of the constituent elements cannot play a specific regulatory role.Clarifying the protection of legal interests in this crime must be combined with the systematic positioning of this crime and regulating the purpose of protection.Specifically,this crime has dual protective legal interests,with surface legal interests reflected in the order of public health management and deep legal interests reflected in the interests of human natural reproduction.Based on this double-layer legal interest,the nature of the crime of illegally implanting genome editing embryos and the essence of the specific constituent elements can be clarified,which is reasonable.