适配水下电源的氢燃料电池系统设计研究

Design of a hydrogen fuel cell system for underwater power supply

针对水下密闭高压的特殊环境,设计出适配水下电源的2 kW氢燃料电池系统,其包括氢气供给系统、氧气供给系统、冷却循环系统、加湿系统和废气回收系统。利用MATLAB/Simulink建立氢燃料电池仿真模型,对各系统的参数进行计算,并分析温度、气体压强、膜含水量对氢燃料电池性能的影响。结果表明:燃料电池系统正常运行所需要的最小氢气体积流量为24.7 L/min,最小氧气体积流量为11.9 L/min,最小氢气加湿量的质量流量为3.6 g/min,最小氧气加湿量的质量流量为1.75 g/min,最小冷却水体积流量为3.152 L/min。温度在313~353 K范围变化时,输出电压随着温度升高而增大;气体压强在0.10~0.25 MPa范围变化时,输出电压随气体压强增大而增大;膜含水量在7~22范围变化时,输出电压随膜含水量增大而增大。所建模型可以真实反应氢燃料电池的工作特性。

Considering the special environment of underwater confinement and high pressure,a 2 kW hydrogen fuel cell system adapted to the underwater power supply was designed,which includes a hydrogen supply system,an oxygen supply system,a cooling circulation system,a humidification system and an exhaust gas recycling system.The simulation model of the hydrogen fuel cell was established by MATLAB/Simulink.The parameters of each system were calculated,and the effects of temperature,gas pressure and membrane water content on the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell were analyzed.The results show that the hydrogen fuel cell system can be normally operated at the minimum volume flow rates of hydrogen of 24.7 L/min and oxygen of 11.9 L/min,the minimum mass flow rates of hydrogen humidification of 3.6 g/min and oxygen humidification of 1.75 g/min,and the minimum volume flow rate of cooling water of 3.152 L/min.The output voltage increases with temperatures increasing when the temperatures vary in the range of 313-353 K.The output voltage increases with gas pressures increasing when the gas pressures vary in the range of 0.10-0.25 MPa.The output voltage increases with membrane water content increasing when the membrane water content varies in the range of 7-22.The model can truly reflect the working characteristics of hydrogen fuel cell.