粤港澳大湾区4种生态系统调节服务的互馈关系及机制

Mutual Feedback Relationships and Mechanisms of Ecosystem Four Regulating Services in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong,Hongkong and Macao

调节服务是生态系统为维持或改善人类生存环境提供的惠益。各种调节服务相互作用或存在互馈关系,并在不同时空尺度上呈现一定规律性或分异性,厘清不同尺度下生态系统调节服务间的关系及其影响因子对优化生态系统区域管理具有重要意义。以粤港澳大湾区为例,计算了2000、2010、2020年碳储量、氮输出量、土壤保持量和授粉者丰度等4种生态系统调节服务,在千米格网和二级流域尺度下分析生态系统服务时空格局变化,利用Spearman相关指数和地理回归模型分析了粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务间关系的时空异质性,最后通过最优地理探测器识别生态系统调节服务的主要影响因子及其交互作用力。结果表明:1)研究区生态系统调节服务的分布格局在时间上保持稳定,在空间上呈现异质性,但因调节服务的类型不同,其空间分布模式有所不同;2)研究区20年间生态系统调节服务间权衡/协同关系存在显著变化,且彼此存在不同程度的互馈关系,这些关系的作用强度随时空尺度的变化而变化。该研究确定了最佳互馈组合,包括碳储量-氮输出量、碳储量-土壤保持量、碳储量-授粉者丰度、氮输出量-土壤保持量和授粉者丰度-土壤保持量,这些组合中的后者服务因子对前者服务因子的解释力更强;3)生态系统中存在复杂的相互作用和非线性关系,这些关系对生态系统空间格局有显著影响,且调节服务因子与自然-社会经济影响因子的交互作用随着尺度的增大而增强。该研究可为区域差异化生态系统管理政策提供重要的科学参考。

Regulating services are the benefits provided by ecosystems for maintaining or improving human living environments.Various regulatory services interact with each other or have reciprocal feeding relationships,and show certain regularity or divergence at different spatial and temporal scales.Thus,clarifying the relationships between ecosystem regulatory services and their influencing factors at different scales is of great significance for optimizing ecosystem management in a regional context.In this study,the spatial and temporal patterns of four ecosystem regulating services(carbon storage,nitrogen export,soil conservation,and pollinator abundance)were calculated at the 1-kilometre grid and sub-basin scales in 2000,2010,and 2020,and the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem service relationships in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation index and the geographic regression model.Finally,the main factors influencing ecosystem regulatory services and their interactions are identified using an optimal geodetector.The results showed that 1)the distribution pattern of ecosystem regulating services in the Greater Bay Area remained stable over time and showed spatial heterogeneity;however,the spatial distribution patterns varied according to the type of regulating service.2)There were significant changes in the trade-off/synergistic relationships among ecosystem regulating services over the 20-year period in the Greater Bay Area,with different degrees of mutual feedback.The strengths of these relationships vary with their spatial and temporal scales.The strength of these relationships varies with time and space.This study identified optimal combinations of mutual feedback,including carbon stock-nitrogen export,carbon stock-soil conservation,carbon stock-pollinator abundance,nitrogen export-soil conservation,and pollinator abundance-soil conservation,where the latter service factor had a significant influence on the former.Service factors had stronger explanatory power for the former service factors.3)There were complex interactions and non-linear relationships in the ecosystems,which significantly affected the spatial patterns of the ecosystems,and the interactions between the regulating service factors and natural-socioeconomic influences increased with increasing scale.The results of this study provide important scientific reference for regionally differentiated ecosystem management policies.