渭河流域(陕西段)河流生境质量分布格局及驱动力分析

Analysis of Distribution Pattern and Driving Habitat Quality of Rivers in the Wei River Basin(Shaanxi section)

探究河流生境质量分布规律及其驱动力是管理河流生态环境,促进河流生态系统高质量发展的重要基础。以渭河流域(陕西段)的河流为研究对象,收集了2023年10月研究区42个调查断面的生境质量数据,构建了渭河流域河流生境质量评价体系,运用组合赋权法计算了渭河流域河流生境质量指数,探讨了渭河流域(陕西段)河流生境质量的分布特征。利用相关性分析、逐步回归模型和通径分析,揭示了渭河流域河流生境质量的驱动因素,并在此基础上提出了渭河流域河流生境质量的提升对策。结果表明,1)渭河流域河流生境质量总体良好,生境质量指数在1.93-3.81之间,其中,2.38%的调查断面生境优秀,35.7%的调查断面生境良好,50%的调查断面生境一般,11.9%的调查断面生境较差。河流水环境状况最好,河流形态与结构指标分异较大;河流生物得分最低,是制约渭河生境质量的主要因素。支流生境质量普遍好于干流,并均呈现出由上游到下游生境质量逐渐下降的空间变化特征。2)底质组成、河道蜿蜒度、岸坡稳定性、栖境复杂性及周边土地利用方式都是影响渭河流域(陕西段)河流生境质量的主要因素。3)河道蜿蜒度是对陕西段渭河流域河流生境质量直接影响最显著的因子,底质组成是间接影响作用最大的因子,两者都具有正向影响。研究结果可为河流生境质量驱动因子研究提供思路,同时为恢复渭河流域河流生境质量、完善河流生态环境保护政策、维护河流生态系统可持续发展等方面提供理论和现实依据。

Exploring the distribution patterns and driving forces of river habitat quality is important for managing the ecological environment of rivers and promoting the high-quality development of river ecosystems.Considering the rivers in the Wei River Basin(Shaanxi section)as the research objects,habitat quality data were collected from 42 survey sections in the study area in October 2023.A habitat quality evaluation system for rivers in the Wei River Basin was constructed and a combined weighting method was used to calculate the habitat quality index for rivers in the Wei River Basin(Shaanxi section).The distribution characteristics of river habitat quality in the Wei River Basin(Shaanxi section)were explored.Using correlation analysis,a stepwise regression model,and path analysis,the factors driving the habitat quality of rivers were identified and strategies for improving the habitat quality of rivers were proposed.The results showed that 1)the overall habitat quality of the rivers in the Wei River Basin was good,with a habitat quality index between 1.93 and 3.81.Among them,2.38% of the surveyed sections had excellent habitats,35.71% had good habitats,50% had average habitats,and 11.90% had poor habitats.The river water environment was in the best condition,with significant differences in river morphology and structural indicators,and the lowest score in river biology,which is the main factor restricting habitat quality in the Wei River.The habitat quality of the tributaries was generally better than that of the mainstream and all showed a spatial variation characteristic of gradually decreasing habitat quality from upstream to downstream.2)The composition of sediment,meandering degree of river channels,stability of bank slopes,complexity of habitat,and surrounding land use were the main factors affecting the habitat quality of the rivers in the Wei River Basin(Shaanxi section).3)The meandering degree of the river was the most significant factor that directly affected the habitat quality of the Wei River Basin in Shaanxi Province,whereas the composition of the sediment was the most indirect factor,both of which had a positive impact.The research results can provide ideas for the study of the driving factors of river habitat quality as well as a theoretical and practical basis for restoring river habitat quality in the Wei River Basin,improving river ecological environment protection policies,and maintaining the sustainable development of river ecosystems.