面向自组织人群的建筑安全评估算法

Building safety assessment algorithm for self-organizing crowds

为了解决室内建筑节点不合理与人群逃生路线选择困难的问题,提出面向自组织人群的建筑安全评估算法.基于IndoorGML建立室内空间的水平平面结构和垂直层级结构,形成拓扑空间中的节点关联图,以表示多层建筑物的空间结构.通过对单元空间的风险、通行率的定义,设计基于A^(*)算法的安全疏散路线选择算法.通过分析逃生路线的选择人数、单条逃生路线上节点的最高风险、单条逃生路线的平均逃生时间,找出室内建筑不合理节点并提出优化方案.构建模拟场景进行仿真实验,对比不同路线选择方法的结果,分析并验证所提评估算法的有效性.结果表明,所提出的方法能够找出建筑拥堵的主要因素及其对疏散的影响程度,有助于在建筑设计阶段开展科学的建筑安全评估.

A building safety assessment algorithm for self-organizing crowds was proposed,in order to resolve the problems of unreasonable indoor building nodes and the difficulty in choosing escape routes for crowds.Based on IndoorGML,the horizontal plane structure and vertical hierarchical structure of indoor space were established to form a node-relation graph in the topological space,so as to represent the spatial structure of multi-story buildings.A safe evacuation route selection algorithm based on the A^(*)algorithm was designed,by defining the risk and the traffic rate of unit space.Unreasonable nodes of indoor buildings were found and optimization solutions were proposed,by analyzing the number of people choosing escape routes,the highest risk of nodes on a single escape route,and the average escape time of a single escape route.A simulation scene was constructed for simulation experiments,and the results of different route selection methods were compared to analyze and prove the effectiveness of the proposed assessment algorithm.Results show that the proposed method can be used to find the main factors of building congestion and the degree of influence on evacuation,which is helpful to carry out scientific building safety assessment in the building design stage.