新兴污染物对抗生素抗性基因水平转移的影响

Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic R esistance Genes

抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)引起的抗生素耐药性问题被列为新兴环境污染问题,对生态环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。当前备受关注的环境新兴污染物(如内分泌干扰物、重金属、微塑料、纳米塑料等)都可以通过水平基因转移单独或协同促进ARGs在环境中的传播、转移和扩散。新兴污染物如何影响ARGs的水平转移过程已成为备受关注的研究热点。本文全面综述了ARGs的来源及水平基因转移的3种经典方式(接合、自然转化和转导),总结了新兴污染物影响ARGs水平转移的规律及潜在机制,以充分认识ARGs在生态系统中的传播动态与最终命运,有助于全面了解新兴污染物在ARGs传播中的作用。最后提出了目前ARGs水平转移的阻断措施和研究的局限性,并为未来研究提出了相关建议,以便制定有效策略防控并阻断ARGs在环境中的传播过程。

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)have been identified as a prominent factor contributing to the emergence of environmental pollution issues,presenting a significant risk to both ecological systems and human health.Environmental contaminants,such as endocrine disruptors,heavy metals,microplastics,and nanomaterials,can s ignificantly enhance the dissemination of ARGs through horizontal gene transfer,thus becoming a focal point of r esearch in this field.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the sources of ARGs and the three classical routes of horizontal gene transfer(conjugation,natural transformation,and transduction).We also summarize the regulations and potential mechanisms of emerging pollutants that impact the horizontal transfer of ARGs,which can contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the dissemination dynamics and ultimate destiny of ARGs in e cosystems.The paper also summarized potential strategies to block ARGs horizontal transfer and addressed their limitations.The data presented can provide an in-depth understanding of the role of emerging pollutants in the d issemination of ARGs.