双酚A在包装饮品中污染现状及相关食品安全管理法规分析

Analysis of Pollution Status of Bisphenol A in Packaged Drinks and Related Food Safety Management Regulations

随着现代生活水平的提高,包装饮品已经成为人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)作为一种常见的塑料制品添加剂,因其具有无色透明、耐用、轻巧和突出的防冲击性等特点,广泛应用于塑料容器、饮料瓶等食品包装材料。同时,BPA也是典型的环境内分泌干扰物,长期暴露于一定浓度的BPA即使较低剂量也可对机体产生多种毒性损伤,引发人体发生各种炎症、细胞损伤、焦虑抑郁、生殖能力下降甚至癌症等多种疾病。由于近年来国内水源地的污染和含BPA的食品包装材料的广泛使用,我国市售的纯净水、果汁、牛奶和酒类等多种包装饮品均检测到BPA的存在。且因饮品加工处理工艺、温度、pH、储存时间以及包装材料不同等因素导致各种类包装饮品BPA暴露水平有所差异。本文介绍我国各地区多种市售包装饮品的BPA暴露水平,归纳了美国、欧盟、日本、中国以及其他国家或组织针对食品以及食品包装材料安全管理法规并进行分析讨论,结合国内外现有的监管措施,为消费者减少BPA的饮水暴露提出了有效建议,以期为BPA的人群暴露剂量与健康风险研究提供参考依据。

With the advancement of modern living standards,packaged drinks have become an indispensable component of people’s daily lives.Bisphenol A(BPA),a common additive in plastic products,is extensively used in plastic containers,beverage bottles,and other food packaging materials due to its colorless,transparent,durable,lightweight and outstanding impact resistance.At the same time,BPA is also recognized as a typical environmental endocrine disruptor.Prolonged exposure to even low doses of BPA can result in various toxic damages to the body,including inflammation,cell damage,anxiety,depression,decreased reproductive ability and even cancer among other diseases.Recently in China,where domestic water sources have been polluted and BPA-containing food packaging materials are widely used.The presence of BPA has been detected in various packaged beverages such as purified water,juice drinks,milk and wine.Moreover,the exposure levels of different packaged beverages vary due to factors like beverage processing technology,temperature,pH level,storage time,and packaging materials.This paper aims to review the exposure levels of BPA found in commercial packaged beverages across different regions while summarizing regulatory measures implemented by countries or organizations such as the United States,European Union,Japanese government,and China.It will further analyze and discuss existing domestic and foreign regulations providing effective suggestions for consumers on reducing their exposure to BPA through drinking water.Thus,this study serves as a reference for investigating population exposure dosage and health risks associated with BPA.