文昌市湿地维管植物物种组成与区系特征分析

Species Composition and Flora Characteristics of Vascular Plants in Wetland of Wenchang City

为了掌握海南省文昌市湿地资源现状,加强对湿地资源的保护和管理,于2023年3月至5月,采用样线法和样方法,对文昌市湿地中的维管植物进行了调查,分析了该地区维管植物的物种组成和区系特征。研究结果表明,在文昌市湿地范围内,共记录到73科188属245种维管植物,其中,蕨类植物有5科6属9种,被子植物有68科182属236种,优势科为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)、茜草科(Syzygiaceae)、菊科(Chrysanthemums)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)和禾本科(Gramineae);植物生活型以草本植物为主,生态型以湿生植物为主,真红树种类高达24种;记录到国家二级重点保护野生植物2科2属2种,分别为木果楝(Xylocarpus granatum)和水椰(Nypa fruticans),省级重点保护野生植物有13科17属23种;文昌市湿地植物分布区类型多样,科的分布区类型分属6个类型和5个变型,热带分布科占非世界分布科的91.07%;属的分布区类型分属11个类型和5个变型,热带分布属占非世界分布属的比例为94.80%,表明文昌市湿地植物区系具有明显的热带性质。

In order to know the status of wetland plants and strengthen their protection and management in Wenchang city,Hainan,a field investigation of wetland plants in Wenchang was conducted from March to May in 2023,using a combination of line transect method and quadrat method,and the floristic composition and characteristic of vascular plants in the area were analyzed.The results showed that a total of 245 species from 73 families and 188 genera had been recorded in the wetland of Wenchang,including 9 fern species from 5 families and 6 genera,and 236 angiosperm species from 68 families and 182 genera,with the dominant families Euphorbiaceae,Fabaceae,Syzygiaceae,Chrysanthemums,Verbenaceae,and Gramineae.Plant habits were predominantly herbaceous,and ecological types are primarily hydrophytes.Two wild plant species,Xylocarpus granatum and Nypa fruticans,were under national second-class protection,while 23 wild plant species(belonging to 13 families,17 genera)under provincial protection.Wetland plants in Wenchang could be divided into 6 areal-types and 5 subtypes at family level,while 11 areal-types and 5 subtypes at genus level.The tropical distribution families and genera accounted for 91.07%and 94.80%of non-cosmopolitan families and genera,respectively,which indicating that the wetland flora of Wenchang had obviously tropical nature.In general,Wenchang possessed abundant species of wetland plants.