2023年中国省、市、县区级疾病预防控制机构工作人员培训需求情况分析

Training needs of personnel in disease prevention and control institutions at different levels in China,2023:an online cross-sectional survey

目的了解我国省、市、县区三级疾病预防控制机构工作人员的培训需求,提出相应的对策建议,旨在为我国不同层级疾病预防控制机构的培训优化提供科学参考。方法按照中国地理单元划分,于2023年9—10月采取分层随机抽取北京市、湖南省、上海市、广东省、甘肃省、吉林省和四川省7个省(直辖市)的7个省级、7个市级、14个县区级疾控机构,对2520名疾控人员进行基本信息、培训内容、时长、频率等需求情况调查。采用频数和构成比描述计数资料,以χ^(2)检验比较不同层级人员的培训需求,调查对象选择培训理想频次的影响因素。结果共收回有效问卷2290份,来自省、市和县区级疾控人员分别为671、607和1012人。不同层级的人员均比较关注传染病防控和突发公共卫生事件应急处置培训。县区级更偏好实践技能训练(χ^(2)=7.917,P=0.019)和应急模拟演练教学方法(χ^(2)=6.255,P=0.044)。省级和市级人员更需要数据分析软件(58.9%和59.6%)、科研项目设计(54.2%和43.0%)和论文撰写(34.4%和35.3%)培训,县区级人员更需要信息系统使用(41.4%)和计算机技能(39.1%)培训。选择理想的培训频次影响因素(P<0.05)为性别、学历、资格证书类型和岗位,女性比男性选择高频次培训(≥4次)的可能性低(OR=0.745,P=0.001);与大专及以下学历者比较,本科(OR=2.093)和硕士(OR=2.519)及以上学历者选择高频次的可能性增加(P<0.001);与具有公共卫生执业医师资格证人员比较,其他类型人员选择高频次的可能性增加(OR=1.488,P<0.001)。结论不同层级人员均有参加培训的强烈意愿,需增加培训机会以满足需求。不同层级人员对培训内容、时长等需求存在差异,应以实际工作需求为导向,探索并制定差异化的培训模式。

Objective To understand the training needs of personnel in disease prevention and control institutions at different administrative levels in China,and to provide evidence for optimizing training programs in the institutions.Methods Using stratified random sampling and a self-developed questionnaire,we conducted an online self-administered survey of the content,duration,and frequency of professional training needs of 2520 staff from 7 provincial,7 municipal,and 14 county-level disease prevention and control institutions in 7 provinces(municipalities)across geographical regions of China from September to October 2023.Frequency and composition ratios were taken to describe count data,and the chi-squared test was used to compare the training needs of staff at different levels.Factors influencing respondents'choice of ideal training frequency were explored,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results A total of 2290 participants provided valid responses,of which 671,607,and 1012 were from provincial,municipal,and county-level disease prevention and control institutions,respectively.In general,the respondents were more concerned about training in infectious disease prevention and control and emergency response to public health emergencies.Respondents from county-level institutions preferred practical skills training(x2=7.917,P=0.019)and emergency simulation drills(x2=6.255,P=0.044).Respondents from provincial and municipal institutions reported a greater need for training in the use of data analysis software(reported by 58.9%and 59.6%of the respondents,respectively),study design(54.2%and 43.0%),and research paper writing(34.4%and 35.3%),while the respondents from the county-level reported a greater need for training in the use of information systems(reported by 41.4%of the respondents)and computer skills(39.1%).Factors influencing the choice of ideal training frequency(P<0.05)were gender,level of education,type of qualification certificate,and job position.Female respondents were less likely to choose high frequency training(≥4 times)than male respondents(odds ratio[OR]=0.745,P=0.001).Compared with those with a college degree or less,respondents with a bachelor's degree and a master's degree(OR=2.093)or more were more(OR=2.519)likely to choose high-frequency training(P<0.001).Compared with those with a public health practitioner qualification certificate,respondents with other professional qualification certificates were more likely to choose high-frequency training(OR=1.488,P<0.001).Conclusion The personnel of the disease prevention and control institutions in China have a strong willingness to participate in professional training,and the personnel of the institutions at different administrative levels have different needs in terms of training content and duration.The results must be taken into consideration when developing professional training programs for personnel.