贵阳市预防接种门诊空间分布特征和可及性研究

Spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility of vaccination clinics in Guiyang

目的探讨贵阳市预防接种门诊空间分布结构的合理性,为预防接种门诊的空间布局提供合理的参考依据。方法通过贵州省免疫规划信息平台提取2021年1—12月贵阳市预防接种门诊地址、疫苗接种量、工作人员数量等;利用ArcGIS 10.8软件中的平均最近邻分析、核密度分析和两步移动搜寻模型等分析贵阳市预防接种门诊空间布局和可及性。结果2021年贵阳市共设置预防接种门诊241个,疫苗接种量共2499181剂次,接种台数为0.97台/万人,接种人员数为0.33人/万人,日均疫苗接种量6847.07剂次,人均每天疫苗接种量3.81剂次,人口密度0.07万人/km^(2);贵阳市预防接种门诊的空间分布呈现显著的聚集特征,差异有统计学意义(Z=-8.795,P<0.05),中心城区>近郊区>远郊区,主要热点聚集在中心城区,主要包括云岩区、南明区和观山湖区;贵阳市预防接种门诊空间可及性值为2.53(R=10.27),最高为息烽县永靖镇10.28,最低为开阳县的龙水乡、宅吉乡和米坪乡,且均为0.01,最高值约为最低值的1028倍。结论本研究区域预防接种门诊总量配置充足,但中心城区、近郊区和远郊区之间差距较大,空间分布和可及性不均衡,且预防接种门诊的建设与常住人口空间分布不匹配。

Objective To explore the rationality of the spatial distribution structure of vaccination clinics in Guiyang and to provide a reasonable reference for the spatial layout of vaccination clinics.Methods The address of vaccination clinics,vaccination volumes,and the number of staff in Guiyang from January to December 2021 were extracted from the immunization planning information platform of Guizhou Province.Spatial analysis methods such as mean nearest neighbor analysis,kernel density analysis,and two-step mobile search model in the ArcGIS10.8 software were used to analyze the spatial layout and accessibility of vaccination clinics in Guiyang,and the test level α=0.05.Results In 2021,a total of 241 vaccination clinics were set up in Guiyang,with a total of 2499181 doses of vaccines administered,0.97 vaccination stations per 10000 people,and 0.33 vaccination staff per 10000 people.The daily average vaccination volume was 6847.07 doses,and the per capita daily vaccination volume was 3.81.The population density was 700 people/km.The spatial distribution of vaccination clinics in Guiyang showed a significant clustering characteristic,with a Z-value of-8.795(P<0.05),the central urban areas>suburban areas>remote areas.The main hot spots were concentrated in the central urban districts of Yunyan,Nanming,and Guanshanhu.The spatial accessibility value of the vaccination clinic in Guiyang was 2.53(R=10.27),with the highest in Yongjing Town,Xifeng County(10.28)and the lowest in Longshui Township,Zhaiji Township and Miping Township,Kaiyang County(0.01),a 1028-fold difference.Conclusions In this study,the total allocation of vaccination clinics was sufficient,but there was a large gap between the central urban areas,suburban areas,and remote areas.The allocation was still unbalanced from the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics and accessibility,and the construction of vaccination clinics did not match the spatial distribution of the resident population.