基于运动处方的健步走对职业人群健康相关指标的干预效果分析

Analysis of the intervention effects of health-related indicators for occupational population through prescription-based walking exercise

目的评价基于运动处方的健步走对山东省职业人群健康相关指标的干预效果,探索针对职业人群的慢性病防控策略。方法2021年5月11日—8月18日,招募山东省16个地市的50个县(市、区)964家机关企事业单位的17579名研究对象,每日携带计步器参与为期100 d的职业人群健步走干预项目,开展问卷调查、健步走测量和体格测量,比较干预前后健康相关指标的变化情况,分析运动处方的依从性对健康指标变化趋势的影响,描述健步走后不同体质量变化人群的合理膳食和控制体质量相关知信行情况。结果研究对象在参与活动后健康指标较活动前均有所改善,体质量指数和内脏脂肪指数的下降幅度随平均步数水平升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(F=6.490、7.790,P<0.05);体质量的下降幅度随集中健步走率、万步率和平均步数水平升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(F=25.270、28.120、20.400,P<0.05);臀围的下降幅度随集中健步走率、万步率和平均步数水平升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(F=19.860、22.100、8.740,P<0.05);腰围的下降幅度随集中健步走率、万步率和平均步数水平升高而增加,差异有统计学意义(F=11.470、13.280、4.440,P<0.05)。与健步走后体质量未下降的研究对象相比,体质量下降≥5%的研究对象更多地知晓成人每日盐、油、糖推荐摄入量,饮食口味清淡,烹饪低盐低油低糖、饮食习惯为荤素均衡,更多地知晓成人正常体质量指数范围和推荐的成人身体活动水平、认为自己体质量偏胖、采取自觉控制体质量行为等,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于运动处方的健步走通过改善相关健康指标从而间接降低慢性病患病风险,促进个体健康。在开展健步走干预项目的同时,可加强健康行为生活方式相关的健康教育,促使干预后获得更好的健康效益。

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of prescription-based walking exercise on healthrelated indicators of the occupational population in Shandong Province,and to explore the prevention and control strategies of chronic diseases for the occupational population.Methods From May 11 to August 18,2021,17579 subjects from 964 government,enterprises,and public institutions units in 50 counties(cities,districts)of 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province were recruited to participate in a 100-day occupational walking intervention project,carrying pedometers daily.Questionnaire surveys,walking measurements,and physical measurements were conducted to compare the changes in health-related indicators before and after the intervention.The impact of compliance with the exercise prescription on the trend of health indicators was analyzed,and the dietary habits and weight control-related knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors of individuals with different changes in body mass after walking were described.Results The health indicators of subjects were improved after participating in the activity,with the degree of decrease in body mass index(BMI)and visceral fat index increasing with the average step count,showing statistically significant differences(F=6.490,7.790,P<0.05).The decrease in body mass was positively associated with the concentration of walking,the rate of achieving 10 o00 steps,and the average step count,with statistically significant differences(F=25.270,28.120,20.400,P<0.05).Similar associations were found for hip circumference and waist circumference.The differences were statistically significant(F values were 19.860,22.100,8.740,P<0.05).Compared with those who did not lose weight after walking,those who lost more than 5 percent of their body weight were more likely to be knowledgeable about the recommended daily intake of salt,oil,and sugar for adults,to prefer a lighter diet,to cook with low salt,low oil,and low sugar,to have a balanced diet of meat and vegetables,to be more aware of the normal BMI range of adults and the recommended level of adult physical activity,to consider themselves to be overweight,and to engage in conscious weight control behaviors,with statistically significant differences(P<O.05).Conclusions Prescription-based walking exercise indirectly reduces the risk of chronic diseases by improving relevant health indicators and promoting individual health.In addition to implementing walking intervention programs,strengthening health education related to healthy behaviors and lifestyles can lead to better health benefits after the intervention.