临夏回族自治州中小学生近视现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture

目的了解2020年临夏回族自治州中小学生近视现状及影响因素,为区域学生近视防控工作提供参考依据。方法2020年9—11月,分层整群抽取临夏回族自治州小学4~6年级、初中和高中学生,进行视力检查和问卷调查,采用χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析近视影响因素。结果调查3076人,检出近视2081人,近视率67.65%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,初中生(OR=2.06,95%CI:1.67~2.55)、高中生(OR=6.11,95%CI:4.44~8.42)、女生(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.13~1.57)、超重肥胖(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.24~1.88)、住校生(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.21~1.97)、做作业时长≥2 h/d(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.30~1.82)、父亲近视(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.39~2.24)、母亲近视(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.55~2.60)、父母亲均近视(OR=5.27,95%CI:3.52~7.89)是近视的危险因素(P<0.05);回族学生(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.57~0.89)、做眼保健操3次/d(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.48~0.96)、眼睛距离书本经常或总是超过1尺(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.67~0.93)是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论临夏回族自治州中小学生近视率较高,应以中学生、女生、住校生、非回族学生和超重肥胖者为重点,通过采取作业减负、正确读写姿势、做眼保健操等干预措施加强近视防控。

Objective To understand the current situation and the factors influencing myopia among primary and secondary school students in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in 2020 and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of regional myopia.Methods In September-November 2020,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from grades 4-6 of primary schools,junior high schools,and senior high schools in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture.Visual examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted on the subjects.The Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia.Results Among the 3076 subjects,2081 were diagnosed with myopia,with a myopia rate of 67.65%.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being a junior high school student(OR=2.06,95%CI:1.67-2.55),being a high school student(OR=6.11,95%CI:4.44-8.42),being female(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.13-1.57),being overweight or obese(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.24-1.88),being a boarding student(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.21-1.97),doing homework for≥2 h per day(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.30-1.82),having a myopic father(OR=1.77,95%CI:1.39-2.24),having a myopic mother(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.55-2.60),and having two myopic parents(OR=5.27,95%CI:3.52-7.89)were risk factors for myopia(P<0.05).While Hui ethnic students,doing eye health exercises three times a day,and keeping their eyes at least 1 foot away from the book when reading and writing were the protective factors,and the values of OR(95%CI)were 0.71(0.57-0.89),0.68(0.48-0.96)and 0.79(0.67-0.93),respectively.Conclusions The myopia rate among primary and secondary school students in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture is relatively high.Interventions such as reducing homework load,maintaining proper reading and writing posture,and doing eye exercises should be prioritized for junior and senior high school students,female students,residential students,non-Hui students,and overweight and obese individuals.